《左傳》車右考

The Study of the “Che-Yo” in Zhuo-Zhuang

（左傳》中常見「車右」一詞，據統計在《左傳》中共有五十三處記載，去其重復則共有五十人。本文針對這些記載，具體分析車右的性質、特徵與身分，具體結論如下：一、車右必須具備「勇力」的條件。二、車右必須身著戎裝，隨時準備戰鬥。三、戰爭時國君或主帥卿大夫的車右皆是由卜選的方式任命，有時則可以更換。四、隨著戰爭規模的擴大，晉國的車右因而而由臨戰卜選演變為常備職務。四、車右的身分高低不拘，上至國君、公子、大夫，下至士；國君或主帥的車右，其身份多為大夫；若為大夫之車右者，其身份則為士。

The “che-yo”（車右） is frequently discussed in Zhuo-Zhuang（《左傳》）. According to the statistics, it is mentioned for fifty three times in Zhuo-Zhuang. Except for those which have been repeatedly mentioned, there will be fifty people related to the “che-yo”. For the concrete analysis of its features, and social class, the findings are as follows: first, the “che-yo” must be equipped with bravery. Second, the “che-yo” must dress in martial attire, ready for the battle any time. Third, during the war, the “che-yo” of the king or of the general is determined by divination, but sometimes it can be replaceable. Fourth, with the amplification of the war, the “che-yo” of “Jing”（晉國） becomes a standing position compared to that determined by divination. Fifth, there is no limitation to the social class of the “che-yo”, including the king, the prince, the senior official, or a learned person could serve as the “che-yo”. Most of the time, the “che-yo” of the king or the general would be the senior official; the “che-yo” of the senior official would be a learned person.