《莊子》「天地一指也，萬物一馬也」析釋

An Elucidation of “Tian Di Yi Zhi ” in Zhuangzi

《莊子•齊物論》中的「天地一指也，萬物一馬也」，歷來解釋頗多歧異。本文整理出古今幾種重要解釋的論點，並從公孫龍之論述、《莊子》該段論述所屬的主題、以及〈齊物論〉中「物謂之而然」及「類與不類相與為類則與彼無以異」之觀念等三大相關方面，進行分析討論，做為詮解時的參考佐證。進而認為，此段論述中的「指」字為「能指」與「所指」，「非指」「非馬」意為採取非言辯分析的方法，而「天地一指」「萬物一馬」則是對於語言現象的描述，作為主張跳出言辯的說明，意為一「指」字或一「馬」字可以指稱天地間的任何東西。

There are many different interpretations about “tian di yi zhi”（天地一指） and ”wan wu yi ma” （萬物一馬）in ‘Qi Wu Lun’（齊物論）of Zhuangzi（莊子）.In this research, several important interpretations will be analyzed, and three aspects will be discussed, including the discourses of Gongsunlong（公孫龍）, the topic of this text in Zhuangzi and the concept of “wu wei zhi er ran”（物謂之而然） and “lei yu bu lei xiang yu wei lei ze yu bi wu yi yi ”（類與不類相與為類則與彼無以異） in ‘Qi Wu Lun’. It will be pointed out that the meanings of the word “zhi”（指）are signifier and signified. “Fei zhi”（非指） and ”fei ma”（非馬） indicate the non-language methods. And the “tian di yi zhi” and ”wan wu yi ma” as an explanation for the non-language methods is a description of the language phenomenon and it means that the word “zhi” or ” ma” can name everything in the world.