離婚因素、親子關係、及學童之適應

DIVORCE, CARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP, AND THE ADAPTATION OF CHILDREN

本研究的目的在探討父母對離婚事件的處理方式、家庭狀況（正常、問題、或離婚家庭）、及親子關係之不同對兒童適應的影響。對897名國小四、五、六年級兒童進行問卷調查，搜集有關家庭狀況、親子關係（「先在」與「幼稚園」）、在校適應、及情緒適應等資料。從大樣本中選取76名兒童進行訪問，以更詳細了解父母對重大事件的處理方式；親子關係之變化、及兒童的感受與期望等。研究結果顯示：（一）家庭狀況變項能有效地預測兒童的在校適應、情緒適應、智育成績、及德育成績。而親子關係對上述兒童適應之預測力比家庭狀況大。（二）父母對離婚事件越是採負向處理方式，兒童之情緒適應越差。（三）離婚家庭且親子關係為積極型者，其在校適應與情緒適應皆優於問題家庭或正常家庭（親子關係為消極者）之兒童。（四）親子關係對兒童之在校適應與情緒適應之影響大於家庭狀況之影響。（五）積極型親子關係家庭兒童之在校適應與情緒適應優於消極型親子關係家庭之兒童。（六）在親子關係變項控制下，問題家庭兒童之情緒適應比正常與離婚家庭為差。（七）離婚與家庭兒童在日常情緒下頗受家庭狀況之影響。由於時間、人力、樣本、及研究設計上的限制，本研究對離婚前後親子關係之變化對兒童的影響無法深入探討，而大樣本問卷調查之家庭狀況分組不夠精確，小樣本訪問調查各組人數不均，都使得資料之分析受限制，這是本研究的缺失。

This study includes a questionnaire survey to 897 elementary school students. That collects the data about their family condition, parent-child relationship, school adaptation, and emotional adaptation. From the large sample group, 76 children were selected and interviewed. The attitude of their parents to handle significant issues, the change of their parent-child relationship, and their own expectation & perception about their family are discovered. The results of the study tell: (A) The more negative attitude of the parents to handle the divorce, the worse of the childrens' emotional adaptation is. (B) Those children who are in divorced family but with positive parent-child relationship are more adaptable than those in problem family or normal family but with negative parent-child relationship. (C) The extent of impact from the parent-child relationship to the adaptation of children is more significant than family condition. (D) If parent-child relationship variable was controled, the emotional adaptation of problem family children is worse than that of divorced family children.