社會變遷中大學生道德認知發展之趨向研究

Moral Development of the Young Adult in A Changing Society

本研究旨在探討近幾年來中華民國台灣地區所呈現的社會變遷，是否影響大學生的道德認知發展。本研究分別於民國73、76、79三年中，以醫學院一、二年級大學生共886人為樣本實施Rest所編製之「界定問題測驗」（the Defining Issues Test, DIT），並就其結果以SAS進行分析。主要發現為：(1)DIT測量中，原則性道德分數（P分數）較之階段判別，更能解釋道德認知發展之狀況；(2)三組受試在P分數的差異達到顯著水準，且後施測組的分數高於前施測組；(3)受試的P分數，不受性別、SES之影響，其間差異皆未顯著水準；(4)三組各別之P值高、低分組在各故事之平均數差異皆達顯著水準；(5)在各故事之道德成熟反應上，三組受試在「偸藥的故事」、「趙老板的故事」、及「報紙的故事」等三個道德兩難情境中，呈現後施測組高於前施測組的趨向，並皆達顯著水準；(6)受試在有關親子倫理的問題上，表現較其他道德情境更成熟的反應；(7)有關報紙停刊的論題，全體及男、女生樣本均呈現日趨成熟的變異傾向。本研究結果支持以DIT創制者Rest之道德認知發展論的重要觀點。

The purpose of this research was to investigate that if the college students had shown upward moral development as the circumstances of the society had changed rapidly during a special period of time. 886 college students were sampling from a medical college separately in 1984, 1987, and 1990 and were given the Defining Issues Test (DIT) in groups. SAS was used to analyse the obtained data. The following findings were emerged from the data analysis: (1) P index is verified to be more valid to represent the subjects' level of moral development. (2) The mean P scores of 3 groups show upward movement. (3) The mean P scoreil of sex or SES groups are not found to be different significantly. (4) In any moral conflict situations of DIT, the scores indicating the subjects principled moral thinking are significantly different between High-P groups and Low-P groups. (5) Subjects principled scores show upward movement at 3 of 6 moral conflict stories. (6) All groups receive a stable and relatively higher principled scores at the story concerning the relationship between parent and child. (7) Groups 3 of male, female and total all show significant and upward change at the story situation about ''freedom of speech''. In conclusion, findings of this research provided empirical evidences for Rest's theory of moral development.