柯氏性格量表的因素結構——心理需要理論觀點的討論

ON THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF KO'S MENTAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE–From the viewpoint of need theoty

本文的目的是藉由與艾德華斯個人興趣量表（EPPS）的重叠性，討論柯氏性格量表（KMHQ）的因素結構及其形成理論結構的可能性。以KMHQ（1974版）與（EPPS）施測於183位義務工作人員，再進行兩測驗26個分量尺組合的因素分析，以及兩測驗的典型相關分析，結果發現：(1)KMHQ的主要因素是「神經質–依賴」，單獨解釋了該測驗變異量的42.2%；兩個次要的因素是「性壓抑–自信」與「強迫性」，分別增加的解釋量為16%與11%。(2)EPPS有五個因素共同解釋了61.54%的變異量，五個因素個別的解釋量較接近，依秩序為「支配–非順從」、「變異」、「成就」、「慈愛–親和」、「省察」。(3)KMHQ與EPPS組合因素分析與典型相關分析的結果發現兩測驗的重叠情況為：KMHQ的「神經質–依賴」與EPPS的「求援性」、「謙遜性」兩量尺有較高的重叠；「性壓抑–自信」與「強迫性」則與「愛戀性」、「秩序性」、「堅忍性」、「順從性」等四量尺有較高的重叠。回溯至Murray（1938）的心理需要理論可以推知「神經質–依賴」與「求援心理需要」、「謙遜心理需要」在概念上是相同的。由於「心理需要」並未能如預期地成為一仲介變項。所以「神經質–依賴」等因素只能與「求援性」等心理需要般的成為一假設性概念，而當KMHQ的基本因素視同如心理需要的假設性概念時，即可以整合進如Endler（1975）的人境互動形成的人格理論，如MOClelland（1985）的動機–行動模式中。

The purpose of this study is, through the joint analysis of KMHQ and EPPS by factor analysis and canonical correlation analysis, to find the factor structure of KMHQ and the possibility of integreting it into a theoretical system. 183 subjects was tested on both KMHQ and EPPS. The results showed: (1) The main factor in KMHQ was ''Nervousness-Dependence''. it accounted for, ''42.20% of the total variance. There were two secondary factors, namely, ''Sexual Inhibition-Self Confidence'' and ''Ob-session-Compulsion''.(2) The ''Nervousness-Dependence''was highly overlapped with the Succorance scale and the Abasement scale of EPPS, and the other two factors with the Orderliness scale, the Deference scale, the Endurance scale and the Heterosexual scale. When traced back to the original definitions of those needs by Murray (1938), there were also overlap between the concepts of aboue-mentioned needs and that of KMHQs factors. Since that ''need'' was not successful in being an intervening variable, we can only take it as a hypothetical concept. And we will do the same to those factors of KMHQ. However, in doing so, it is possible to integrate them into theory of personality as well as to theory motivation. Examples were given at the end of this discussion.