不同訊息處理策略類別的精神分裂症患者之認知特性

Cognitive Characteristics of Schizophrenics' Differential Information-Processing Strategies

本研究的目的是欲探討筆者（1994）利用人類自動化訊息傳遞運作策略理論所區分出的三組精神分裂症患者－自動化訊息傳遞完整者（簡稱為AP組）、自動化訊息傳遞受損者（簡稱為AI組）、訊息傳遞易受干擾者（簡稱為D組）的認知運作特性。本研究選用107位精神分裂症患者當為受試者，依筆者（1994）發展的區分標準來分類，有22名患者被分到AP組，25名到AI組，25名到D組，其餘35名則無法順利分組。本研究的結果發現，AP組患者因其自動化訊息傳遞歷程完整，在「單字配對作業」享有盈利效果。AI組患者因為採用控制式注意力抑制歷程，因此在Asarnow連續操作作業，不因干擾項的增加，而影響作業表現；在逆向遮蔽作業裏由於抑制遮蔽刺激使其受到激發，而延宕了目標數字的傳遞；在一般反應時間作業裏，重覆相聯缺陷現象更為明顯。D組患者由於注意力控制歷程有問題，因此易將注意力分配給與作業無關之刺激，在Asarnow連續操作作業及逆向遮蔽作業裡，隨著干擾刺激的增加或遮蔽刺激延宕時間的減短，作業表現隨之明顯下降，且不如其他兩組患者。這些結果支持了本研究對這三組患者的認知運作特性之假設。

Based on the theory of automatic processing of information, the author differentiates three kinds of information-processing strategies among schizophrenic patients by means of Stroop Color Naming test; normal automatic processing (AP), impaired automatic processing (AI), and distracted processing (D). This research aims to detect the cognitive characteristics of each group of schizophrenic patients. The obtained results reveal first that the AP group is able to get beneficial effects on the single-word matching task because it is still being able to use automatic processing mechanisms; second, because the AI group uses the overly controlling inhibitory processing, its performance on the Asarnow continuous task does not decrease significantly In spite of the increment of irrelevant items, and because the group inhibits the masking stimuli, the speed of transformation of target stimuli on the back ward masking task is significantly delayed, and on the reaction time tasks, the AI group has larger RAD effects when the length of preparatory time intervals increase; finally, the results reveal that the D group, because of its defective processing mechanisms, significantly decreases in performances on the Asarnow continuous performance task when the number of irrelevant stimulus increases, and significantly gets worse in performances on the backward masking task when the length of interval time betweent he target stimulus and the masking stimulus gets shorter.