聯合國教科文組織推動人工智慧能力框架之探析

An Analysis of UNESCO's Promotion of Artificial Intelligence Competency Frameworks

人工智慧（AI）快速發展深刻影響全球經濟結構、產業模式與教育體系。聯合國教科文組織（UNESCO）自2021年起積極推動以人本導向的AI教育政策，發布《人工智慧與教育：給政策制定者的指南》（2021）與《教育與研究中的生成式AI指導方針》（2023）及《教師AI能力框架》、《學生AI能力框架》（2024），形塑出以倫理、公平與能力建構為主軸的全球教育藍圖。本研究採質性文件分析法，以UNESCO 2019–2024年間發布之AI教育相關文件為研究文本，分析其政策理念、框架設計邏輯與教育意涵。研究結果顯示，UNESCO的AI教育發展脈絡呈現出由「政策倡議」到「倫理規範」再至「能力框架落實」的演進趨勢；教師框架重視專業能動性與教學應用，學生框架則聚焦於理解、應用與倫理實踐，兩者共同強調人本價值與社會責任。研究亦指出，框架在文化脈絡與教育階段的涵蓋性仍有限，未來應強化在地化詮釋與文化調適，以避免一體化的知識權力結構。綜合分析結果，本文建議我國推動AI教育時可聚焦於三項策略：政策支持與資源挹注、課程設計的彈性與倫理導向，以及教師社群的共創與專業成長機制，以促進AI能力及數位素養的永續發展。

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping global economic structures, industrial patterns, and educational systems. Since 2021, UNESCO has actively promoted human-centered AI education policies through key documents such as Artificial Intelligence and Education: Guidance for Policymakers (2021), Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research (2023), and the AI Competency Framework for Teachers and Students (2024), forming a comprehensive blueprint that integrates ethics, equity, and competency development. This study adopts a qualitative document analysis method, examining UNESCO’s AI-related publications from 2019 to 2024 to explore their policy orientations, design logic, and educational implications. The findings reveal an evolutionary trajectory from policy advocacy to ethical regulation and finally to competency-based implementation. The teacher framework emphasizes professional agency and pedagogical application, while the student framework focuses on understanding, ethical awareness, and creative application—both grounded in humanistic and socially responsible principles. However, the frameworks remain limited in addressing cultural and contextual diversity across educational stages. It is therefore suggested that AI competency frameworks be localized and culturally adapted to ensure inclusiveness and relevance. The study concludes by recommending three strategic directions for implementing AI education: (1) policy support and resource investment, (2) flexible and ethically guided curriculum design, and (3) collaborative professional learning communities for teachers to advance sustainable AI literacy and digital competence development worldwide.