苗圃期施用微生物資材與生物炭對海岸造林苗木存活、生長與碳匯潛力之影響

Effects of Nursery-stage Application of Microbial Amendments and Biochar on Survival, Growth, and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Coastal Afforestation Seedlings

本研究評估苗圃期施用叢枝菌根菌（AMF）、木黴菌（Trichoderma spp.）與生物炭對三種海岸造林苗木（黃槿（Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn.）、木麻黃（Casuarina equisetifolia Linn.）、瓊崖海棠（Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.））移植至田間後存活率、生長表現及地上部生物量二氧化碳當量變化量（ΔAGC CO2e）的影響。試驗採三因子全組合設計，並實地追蹤苗木移植後一年的表現。存活率資料採用Beta回歸模型分析，而淨生長量、相對生長率及ΔAGC CO2e則使用貝氏廣義線性混合模型進行評估。研究結果顯示，資材的效應具有顯著的物種特異性與複雜的交互作用。木麻黃展現出最佳生長與碳累積潛力，適合作為海岸劣化區域的先鋒造林樹種。黃槿對AMF的單獨施用呈現良好的反應，凸顯了本土物種在碳效益與生態韌性上的雙重潛能。然而，瓊崖海棠的存活率相對較低，且在2024年7月凱米颱風侵襲後，風倒嚴重，導致其ΔAGC CO2e普遍為負值。研究亦觀察到資材間存在協同效應與拮抗作用。本研究強調，商業微生物資材的表現可能受限於其與本地生態系的適配性，因此支持應積極推動本土菌種的開發與在地應用。整體而言，海岸碳匯造林策略應結合物種特性、資材組合與在地微生物資源，以期達成碳效益、生態穩定與永續發展的多重目標。

This study evaluated the effects of nursery-stage application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Trichoderma spp., and biochar on post-transplant survival, growth performance, and changes in aboveground biomass carbon dioxide equivalent (ΔAGC CO2e) of seedlings of three coastal afforestation speices (Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn., Casuarina equisetifolia Linn. and Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.). A three-factor full factorial design was implemented, and seedling performance was monitored for one year following field transplantation. Survival rate data were analyzed using a Beta regression model, while net growth, relative growth rate, andΔAGC CO2e were assessed using Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects models. The results revealed that the effects of amendments effects were highly species-specific and involved complex interactions. C. equisetifolia demonstrated excellent growth and carbon accumulation potential, making it suitable as a pioneer species for degraded coastal areas. H. tiliaceus showed a favorable response to AMF application alone, highlighting the potential of the native species to contribute simultaneously to carbon sequestration and ecological resilience. In contrast, C. inophyllum exhibited relatively low survival rates and suffered severe windthrow after Typhoon Gaemi in July 2024, resulting in negativeΔAGC CO2e values. The study also observed both synergistic effects and antagonistic interactions among amendments. These findings suggest that commercial microbial amendments might be limited by their compatibility with local ecosystems, thereby emphasizing the importance of developing and applying indigenous microbial strains. Overall, effective coastal carbon sequestration strategies should integrate species characteristics, amendment combinations, and local microbial resources to achieve the combined objectives of carbon benefits, ecological stability, and sustainable development.