由花粉管觀察推估毛柿（Diospyros philippensis(Desr.) Gürke）授粉至受精需時及其控制授粉建議

Estimating the Duration from Pollination to Fertilization in Diospyros philippensis (Desr.) Gürke Based on Pollen Tube Observation and to Make Recommendations for Controlled Pollination

毛柿花粉在蔗糖溶液中離體培養，10％及15％處理0.5小時內即可發芽，10％處理之發芽率在培養2小時達84.0 %。花粉管伸長速率在5％處理進行2小時時最快，達760μm∙hr-1，以此估算授粉至花粉管到達花柱底部最快需時13.2小時。螢光顯微觀察則顯示花粉管1日內即可到達胚珠內，並以開花當日及開花後1日為最佳授粉時機。毛柿有性生殖無障礙，且在開花前就有傳粉者可協助完成授粉，因選育需要進行控制授粉時，建議在雌花開放前3天進行套袋，套袋時可噴施適量殺蟲、殺菌劑，開花後進行人工授粉。生產無子果實可在開花前3日套袋並保留套袋至著果；或花前3日直接剪除柱頭，也可噴施殺菌劑、酸液（pH≤3.6）等抑制柱頭可授性作用的物質於柱頭。

Pollen from Diospyros philippensis (Desr.) Gürke germinated within 0.5 hours in 10% and 15% sucrose solutions. In 10% sucrose treatment, the germination rate reached 84.0% after 2 hours of incubation. The pollen tube elongation rate peaked at 760μm·hr⁻¹in the 5% sucrose treatment after 2 hours. Based on this rate, the minimum estimated time required for a pollen to reach the base of stigma following pollination was approximately 13.2 hours. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that pollen tubes were able to reach the ovule within one day. These results indicated that the optimal pollination period occurs on the day of flowering and the following day . D. philippensis exhibits no sexual reproduction barriers and benefits from pre-bloom pollinator activity. For controlled pollination in breeding programs, bagging should commence 3 days before female flower opening. During bagging, apply appropriate insecticides and fungicides to prevent contamination. Artificial pollination should be conducted after flowering. To produce seedless fruit, flowers should be bagged three days before blooming and maintained in the bags until fruit set. Alternatively, seedless fruit production may be achieved by removing the stigma three days before flowering or by applying fungicides, acidic solution (pH≤3.6), or other substances that directly to the stigma.