惠蓀林場森林浴步道火災跡地之維管束植物、哺乳類及鳥類多樣性調查

Biodiversity Survey of the Burned Area along the Forest Bathing Trail in Huisun Experimental Forest

本研究以2021年惠蓀林場森林火災區域為對象，選擇一處緊鄰森林浴步道、具天然更新植群覆蓋之樣區，於2024年2月至2025年2月間，針對維管束植物、哺乳類與鳥類進行系統性生物多樣性調查，探討森林火災後棲地的生態回復狀況與物種組成變化。結果顯示，火燒跡地植群目前處於早期演替階段，以陽性及先驅植物為主，群落結構尚不穩定，優勢樹種多集中於小徑級個體；相比之下，周邊森林顯示出中後期演替特徵，群落於各徑級間分布較為均衡，結構趨於成熟穩定。哺乳類部分，即使火災造成棲地擾動，火燒跡地仍維持一定的棲地利用功能，哺乳類物種活動頻度隨植被覆蓋度變化而異。尤以跡地北樣區，因植群鬱閉度較高，其哺乳類出現頻度與周邊森林接近，顯示部分物種具良好的棲地適應性。鳥類方面，火燒跡地雖以森林性鳥種為主，然受火災影響使林相轉為開闊，隨著植被恢復，亦吸引開闊地鳥種活動利用，而周邊森林則以典型森林性鳥類為優勢。多樣性指數分析進一步顯示，火燒跡地之物種豐富度與多樣性均低於周邊森林，反映火災造成植被結構簡化與棲地多樣性下降，進而導致鳥類群聚組成單一化，生態穩定性亦相對較低。

This study investigated the post-fire ecological recovery at a wildfire site that burned in 2021 in the Huisun Forest Reserve. A sample plot located adjacent to a forest bathing trail, characterized by natural vegetation regeneration, was selected for investigation. From February 2024 to February 2025, systematic biodiversity surveys of vascular plants, mammals, and birds were conducted to evaluate habitat recovery and changes in species composition. The Results showed that the burned area remains in an early successional stage, dominated by heliophilous and pioneer species, with an unstable community structure and prevalence of small-diameter individuals. In contrast, the surrounding forests exhibit characteristics of mid- to late-successional stages, with more balanced diameter distribution and greater structural stability. Despite fire disturbance, the burned site continue to support mammalian activity, with occurrence frequencies varying by vegetation cover. Notably, the northern subsite, which exhibits higher canopy closure, showed mammal activity levels comparable to those of adjacent forests, suggesting a degree of habitat adaptability among certain mammal species. Avian survey revealed that forest-associated species remained dominant within the burned area; however, fire-induced canopy opening also attracted open-habitat bird species during vegetation recovery process. In contrast, typical forest bird species predominated in the surrounding forest. Diversity index analysis demonstrated lower species richness and diversity in the burned site, reflecting simplified vegetation structure and reduced habitat heterogeneity, leading to more homogeneous bird assemblages and lower ecological stability.