稀見文言小說周禮《湖海奇聞集》考述

A Study on the Rare Classical Chinese Fiction Collection Huhai Qiwen Ji by Zhou Li

自孫楷第提出「詩文小說」一說，許多研究者都留意到明代文言小說存在許多結合詩文的小說，除了《剪燈》系列小說與元明中篇傳奇外，另有一支用四字題編目，以靈怪為題材、韻散配合的形式所編寫的短篇志怪傳奇集。這一形式發端於周禮《湖海奇聞集》，後來影響到《古今清談萬選》、《稗家粹編》、《幽怪詩譚》等小說集。由於孫楷第所見《湖海奇聞集》大連舊藏久已亡佚，近人研究多著力於還原《湖海奇聞集》篇目，探究上述小說集之間的影響關係。本文試圖根據京都新發現之《湖海奇聞集》影抄本，解決前人遺留的疑難，補足明代傳奇小說的研究空缺。

Since Sun Kaidi (孫楷第) proposed the concept of ''poetic-prose fiction,'' many researchers have noticed that numerous classical Chinese fiction works from the Ming dynasty incorporate poetry and prose. In addition to the Jiandeng (剪燈) series and mid-length classical fiction from the Yuan and Ming periods, there is another category of short supernatural chuanqi collections, characterized by four-character titles, supernatural themes, and a combination of prose and verse. This format originated with Zhou Li’s Huhai Qiwen Ji湖海奇聞集and later influenced works such as Gujin Qingtan Wanxuan古今清談萬選, Baijia Cui Bian稗家粹編and Youguai Shi Tan幽怪詩譚. However, the edition of Huhai Qiwen Ji once held in Dalian, which Sun Kaidi referenced, has long been lost. As a result, modern scholars have primarily focused on reconstructing its catalog and exploring its influence on related collections. This study seeks to resolve lingering scholarly debates by examining a newly discovered manuscript copy of Huhai Qiwen Ji found in Kyoto, thereby filling a gap in the research on Ming dynasty chuanqi fiction.