陳深《讀春秋編》的「霸」道論述及其構成機制

The Discourse of Ba in Chen Shen’s Du Chunqiu Bian and Its Interpretive Approach

本文以陳深《讀春秋編》為中心，探究其「霸」道論述的獨特內涵，並從其解經之觀念與方法，剖析構成此義理的機制。身處宋、元易代時期的陳深，其《春秋》經解雖植根宋儒詮釋脈絡，卻因其不與外界交流的特殊處境，發展出與元代主流迥異的學術面貌。本研究發現，陳深在「霸」道議題上提出諸多越軼前人的見解，譬如強調霸主須務德、天降災異以預警、霸業擁有承續與移轉之可能等獨特主張。形成這些義理的關鍵，在於解經方法的運用，具體步驟為先援引《左傳》之「事」為詮釋基石，次再襲用程、胡、張三家之「例」解釋經旨，三則藉機衍義，在必要之處通過細微的調整來闡發個人見解。這種「取事用例」、「襲例衍義」互相結合的治學方法，較偏向宋儒直解經典的旨趣，而異於元代服膺於宋儒詮釋路徑的共同時代關懷。本文通過對陳深「霸」道論述及其構成機制之分析，揭示其學術理論的創獲，冀能助益學界更深入理解宋、元代時期《春秋》學的多樣面貌。

This article investigates Chen Shen’s Du Chunqiu Bianand its unique discourse on“Ba,”focusing on the interpretive principles and methods that shape his thought. Although grounded in the scholarly tradition of Song Confucians, Chen’s scholarship, developed in isolation during the Song-Yuan transition, diverges from the mainstream intellectual currents of the Yuan period. He offers innovative views on“Ba,”emphasizing moral responsibility, Heaven-sent omens as political warnings, and the possibility of succession and transfer of hegemonic power. Central to his approach is a three-step process: drawing on historical events from Zuo Zhuan, adopting interpretive examples from Cheng Yi, Hu Anguo, and Chang Chia, and subtly revising them to articulate his own arguments. This combined method—“applying events and using precedents,”and“appropriating examples and developing meanings”—reveals a commitment to direct classical interpretation in the spirit of Song Confucians, distinguishing Chen’s work from the mainstream interpretations of his time. By analyzing both his theory of“Ba”and its methodological underpinnings, this study highlights Chen Shen’s original contributions and offers new perspectives on the diversity of Chunqiu scholarship in the Song-Yuan period.