「言以載道」與「詩乃真禪」――憨山德清佛禪思想下的文藝觀

“Words Carry the Dao”and“Poetry as True Chan”: The Conception of Literature and Art in the Chan Buddhist Thought of Hanshan Deqing

憨山德清（1546-1623）一生著述宏富，其中除義蘊精深的佛禪思想之外，亦可窺知其對文學創作的見解。晚明佛教復興，「文字禪」及禪教一致思想重新獲得重視，憨山德清以三教會通思想和佛禪理論為基礎，融合華嚴思想和般若空觀，提出「言以載道」的創作觀和「詩乃真禪」的詩學觀，是一種極具佛禪特色的文藝觀。這種文藝觀是晚明三教會通思潮的理論表現之一，也為僧人從事文字撰述及詩文創作提供了合理依據和解釋，具有重要的理論和現實意義。

Hanshan Deqing憨山德清(1546-1623) wrote a vast and rich body of works throughout his life. In addition to his profound thought on Buddhism and Chan, these writings also reveal his views on literary creation. With the revival of Buddhism in the late Ming dynasty, literary Chan文字禪and the consistency between Chan and Buddhism were once again advocated. Based on the concept of harmony between the Three Teachings (Daoism, Confucianism, Buddhism) and Chan Buddhist theory, Hanshan Deqing integrated Huayan thought and the prajñāperspective of emptiness. He put forward the creative concept of“words carry the Dao”and a poetic conception of“poetry as true Chan,”forming a distinctive view of literature with strong Chan Buddhist characteristics. This view of literature and art exemplifies the late Ming trend of integrating the Three Teachings, and also provided monastics with a legitimate foundation and rationale for engaging in writing and poetry, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.