南京國民政府時期佛教傳戒改革的地方性實踐──以浙江地區為中心

Local Implementation of Buddhist Ordination Reform during the Nanjing Nationalist Government: A Study Centered on the Zhejiang Region

本文以1928-1929年浙江省佛教會推行的傳戒革新為中心，探討南京國民政府統治時期佛教革新活動的真實踐行情況。1927年國民黨建政之後，浙江省的佛教團體在多個方面受到衝擊。為了應對外來的干擾，1928年6月，浙江佛教界一馬當先，率先進行佛教傳戒革新。傳戒新規推出後，浙江省佛教會與浙江多所寺院發生糾紛，其中以杭州淨慈寺糾紛時間最長，牽涉最廣。本文認為，衝突的頻繁發生既與佛教會新規和傳戒傳統齟齬緊密相關，又與浙江佛教僧團的人際關係和歷史糾紛脫離不了關係。通過考察浙江佛教僧團傳戒改革的實踐，本文力圖重新省思近代佛教新舊派別的話語，展現近代佛教革新理想與實踐之間的落差和張力，從動態、整體的角度理解近代中國佛教史。

This article focuses on the reform of Buddhist ordination initiated by the Buddhist Association of Zhejiang Province in 1928–1929, with the aim of examining how Buddhist reform initiatives were implemented during the period of the Nanjing Nationalist Government. After the establishment of the Nationalist regime in 1927, Buddhism in Zhejiang experienced pressures and disruptions on multiple fronts. In response, the Zhejiang Buddhist community took the initiative in June 1928 by introducing a reform of the ordination system. Following the promulgation of the new ordination regulations, disputes quickly arose between the Association and various monasteries in Zhejiang, the most protracted and wide-reaching of which involved Jingci Monastery in Hangzhou. This paper argues that these frequent conflicts were closely related not only to the tension between the new regulations and traditional ordination practices, but also to interpersonal relationships and long-standing grievances within the Zhejiang monastic community.
By examining the implementation of ordination reform in Zhejiang, this paper seeks to reconsider the discourse surrounding“new”and“old”factions of modern Chinese Buddhism, and to demonstrate the gap and tension between the ideals and practice of modern Buddhist reform offering a dynamic, integrated understanding of Buddhist history in modern China.