探索臺灣民眾的政黨偏好態度：內隱聯結測驗的分析

Exploring the Party Preference Attitudes of Taiwanese People: An Analysis Using the Implicit Association Test

政黨偏好是影響民眾政治態度的重要變數，也是政治學重要的研究主題。然而傳統自陳式問卷的政黨偏好測量，卻常面臨多數受訪者表示無政黨偏好或不表態；而有表態回應者，也可能因為牽涉政治敏感議題，隱藏其真實態度或做虛偽陳述。這對想要精準掌握民眾政黨偏好的研究者或政治分析者來說，無疑是重大的挑戰。
本文運用內隱聯結測驗（Implicit Association Test, IAT）實驗設計，以自動化處理模式（automatic processing）取得受試者的隱性政黨偏好態度，解決當前自陳問卷測量不易取得顯性政黨偏好的困境。由於介紹測量臺灣民眾隱性政黨偏好的文獻稀少，相關實驗操作流程、實驗刺激材料準備與測量信效度檢測，均未有明確依循，因此本研究先以國民黨與民進黨兩大政黨為研究目標，設置可測量臺灣民眾隱性政黨偏好態度的IAT實驗設計模組，並進行實驗（n =365）。研究發現顯示：IAT隱性態度與顯性態度具顯著相關性，IAT測量可有效區辨出中立無反應者與其他新興政黨認同者，及其對兩大政黨的隱性偏好態度。

Political party preference is crucial in determining an individual’s political attitude and is, therefore, highly significant in political science. Nevertheless, conventional self-report surveys frequently result in respondents expressing no party preference or refraining from articulating genuine thoughts due to the sensitive nature of political issues. This is a barrier for researchers and political analysts who aim to obtain a thorough understanding of party preferences.
This study uses the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to reveal individuals’implicit party preferences and address the shortcomings of self-report surveys in assessing explicit party preferences. Few studies have analyzed political party preferences among Taiwanese individuals, and studies on the reliability and validity of measures in this domain are insufficient. This study aims to develop an experimental module for the IAT to accurately evaluate the implicit political party preference attitudes of Taiwanese individuals, specifically for Taiwan’s two principal political parties, the KMT and the DPP.
The study involved 365 participants and identified a substantial link between the implicit views assessed by the IAT and the explicit attitudes evaluated via a self-report questionnaire regarding political party choice. The IAT demonstrated efficacy in identifying implicit preference attitudes towards the two predominant political parties among independent non-responders and persons affiliated with other emerging political parties.