劉克莊為詩友撰作墓誌銘的心態轉變與作者意識

The Shift in Liu Kezhuang's Attitude Toward Writing Epitaphs for His Poetic Friends and His Authorial Consciousness

劉克莊是南宋著名的全方位文人，但研究者泰半關注於他的詩與詞，而鮮少注意作為文章家的面向，對其多重身分的疊合亦缺乏較為細膩的考察。因此，本文以劉克莊為詩友所撰之墓誌銘為出發點，欲以此綰合劉克莊詩人、文章家的雙重身分，亦由其墓誌銘的書寫，略窺其作文筆法與寫作特點。全文主要章節有三，首先由「江湖」與「莆田」切入，梳理劉克莊「詩人」身分的前後兩階段，並初步窺探劉克莊如何以墓誌銘書寫者的身分為其詩友定調。其次，從這些詩友墓誌銘當中提取出「仕」、「詩」、「窮」幾個關鍵字，探究劉克莊對三者辯證關係的歷時性轉變。再則，立基於對劉克莊此一心態轉變的掌握，進一步分析他撰作墓誌銘存在積極的作者意識：或滲入抒情性的自我，追憶疇昔往事；或挪用史家筆法，顯示欲以己文彰顯墓主之名的企圖。

Liu Kezhuang was a renowned polymath of the Southern Song Dynasty, but most studies focus on his poetry and lyrics, with little attention given to his role as an essayist. There is also a lack of a nuanced examination of the overlapping aspects of his multiple identities. Therefore, this paper uses Liu Kezhuang's epitaphs written for his poetic friends as a starting point to connect his dual identities as a poet and essayist, and also offers a glimpse into his writing style and characteristics through these epitaphs. The paper consists of three main sections. First, it explores Liu Kezhuang's identity as a poet through the contexts of“jianghu”and“Putian”, identifying two stages in his life and reflecting on how he defined his poetic friends in the role of the epitaph writer. Second, key terms such as ''official career,'' ''poetry,'' and“poverty”are extracted from these epitaphs to examine the historical and dialectical changes in Liu Kezhuang's understanding of the relationship between these three elements. Finally, based on an understanding of Liu Kezhuang's change in attitude, the paper further analyzes the active authorial consciousness present in his epitaph writing. This includes moments where he integrates lyricism to reflect on past events or adopts historiographical techniques, revealing his intention to elevate the name of the deceased through his writing.