毛毛說與百家鳴：黃春明《毛毛有話》中的兒童養育觀

Mao Mao's Sayings and People's Views: Children's Parenting in Huang Chunming's Mao Man Has a Word

黃春明於1990年5月完成《毛毛有話》，讓歷史上一向無聲的嬰兒發聲，對成人世界「提出深刻而客觀的批評」，回應當時九〇年代的社會現象。在前行研究者指出黃春明藉由毛毛來批判成人的基礎上，本文從聲音敘事的元素切入，指出毛毛乃憑藉著嬰幼兒的敏銳聽覺和體感，示範了多元聲腔的可能。相較於育嬰書的片面性，黃春明以「關注嬰兒體感」的「毛毛說」，與以偏概全的育嬰書對話。再者，毛毛甚能回溯母親的創傷記憶，為母親的憤怒找尋合理解答。因此，「毛毛說」存在著批判觀點，黃春明也示範了教育者應具備正向、理解特質。最後，本文參酌黃春明在2000年後所寫的散文集，說明他的兒童養育觀，是從環境、社會的整體角度考量，關注於全人類的身心發展。

Huang Chunming completed“Mao Mao Has a Word”in May 1990. Inspired by Japanese pediatrician Michio Matsuda, Huang Chunming's novel gives voice to the historically voiceless baby, offering“a profound and objective critique of the adult world”and responding to social phenomena of the 1990s. Building on previous researchers' educational viewpoints that Huang Chunming uses Mao to criticize adults, this paper aims to argue, through an analysis of the literary symbolism of“having words”and the function of voice in fiction, that Huang Chunming's Mao demonstrates the possibility of multiple voices through infants' heightened sensitivity to sound and bodily sensation, as a way of counteracting the adult world full of noise. Huang Chunming engages in dialogue with contemporary childcare guidebooks by questioning the viewpoints of“some people say”and“doctors say”with the“Mao's words”of“focusing on the baby's physical sensations”. In contrast to the limited nature of parenting guides, Huang Chunming integrates psychological and somatic perspectives to provide an insightful look into the inner worlds of babies and the elderly, as well as the true feelings of different generations of family members. In addition, Maomao is able to recall her mother's traumatic memories, understand the problems in her parents' relationship, and find reasonable answers to her mother's anxiety and anger. Therefore, Mao Mao Has a Word not only articulates a critical perspective on adult-centered child-rearing practices but also presents Huang Chunming as a compassionate and understanding educator. Finally, this paper also takes into account Huang's essays written after 2000, especially those reflecting on the impact of materialism and consumerism on children's upbringing, in order to demonstrate that Huang's view of child-rearing is based on the overall perspective of the family, the environment, and society, and that he is concerned with the physical and mental development of all human beings.