西周金文所見戰爭敘事特色及演變

Features and Evolution of War Narratives in Western Zhou Bronze Inscriptions

西周金文在發展過程中，逐漸開展出多樣化的內容主題，書寫不再限於受到賞賜與祭祀祖先。在這當中出現了對戰爭的描述，即作器者直接或間接涉入戰爭，並在銘文中描述了戰爭的起因、過程與結果。而在西周軍事金文研究以及先秦敘事學的研究中，曾或多或少提及西周金文中描述戰爭的內容，卻罕有對西周金文如何敘述戰爭的爬梳與分析。因此，本文試著就西周金文的戰爭敘事加以整理分析其特色，以時代先後觀察其演變。西周早期銘文描述戰爭，較重視結果而略去過程，西周中期開始萌發地理空間的敘述及使用特定用語，至西周晚期，增加了戰爭中的波折以及長官的褒揚語。

During the Western Zhou period, bronze inscriptions gradually developed a diversity of thematic content, moving beyond the earlier focus on rewards and ancestral sacrifices. Among these emerging themes was the depiction of warfare, in which the creators of the bronze vessels were either directly or indirectly involved. These inscriptions record the causes, processes, and outcomes of military campaigns. Although the subject of warfare in Western Zhou military bronzes and pre-Qin narrative studies has been mentioned to some extent, there has been little systematic analysis of how warfare was narrated in these inscriptions. This paper seeks to examine and analyze the characteristics of war narratives in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, and traces their evolution over time. In early Western Zhou inscriptions, war was depicted with an emphasis on outcomes while detailed descriptions of military processes were largely omitted. By the mid-Western Zhou period, narrative elements such as geographical references and formulaic expressions began to appear. In the late Western Zhou period, inscriptions increasingly included accounts of the twists and turns of battle and praise for commanding officers.