國族、寫實、階級的接受與轉向：李辰冬（1907-1983）紅學論述的發展歷程

Nation, Realism, and Class: The Development of Li Chendong's (1907–1983) Redology Discourse

本文探討民國38年後來台學者李辰冬撰寫《紅樓夢研究》一書，聚焦其對「國族」、「寫實」與「階級」觀念的接受與轉向，並檢視他在國家權力影響下對學術成果的自律修訂。
研究結論指出，李辰冬延續五四學術救國、啟蒙與革命的初衷，採納胡適的《紅樓夢》自傳說研究範式，視胡適為學術偶像。他的法文博士論文《紅樓夢研究》立足於胡適的視角和考證，並強調《紅樓夢》的文化經典地位，以此作為重建現代中國文化的指引。雖然胡適本人未認同其論述，但國民黨文化運動委員會主任張道藩欣賞此書，推薦正中書局出版中文版，使李辰冬獲得教育部學術獎。
此外，李辰冬嘗試重建文學寫實主義批評，借鑒法國泰納學派的「種族、時代、環境」原則，並參考泰納〈巴爾札克論〉作為範本，從文學社會學角度構築《紅樓夢》的批評分析，書中「海潮式結構」論述尤受讚譽。李辰冬亦率先以階級視角研究《紅樓夢》，通過社會背景與物質生活屬性的分析，探索書中經濟與社會結構。然而，國家與政黨權力既是推動他研究的助力，也成為他修訂學術成果的驅力。

This study examines“A Study of Dream of the Red Chamber”by Li Chendong, a scholar who moved to Taiwan after 1949, focusing on his adoption and transformation of the concepts of“nation”,“realism”, and“class”. It also analyzes his self-regulation of academic outcomes under the influence of state power.
The findings reveal that Li Chendong inherited the May Fourth Movement’s scholarly mission of national salvation, enlightenment, and revolution. He adopted Hu Shi's autobiographical interpretation of Dream of the Red Chamber as a research paradigm and regarded Hu as his academic idol. Li's doctoral dissertation in French,“A Study of Dream of the Red Chamber”, was grounded in Hu’s perspectives and textual analysis, emphasizing the novel’s status as a cultural classic and its role in reconstructing modern Chinese culture. Although Hu Shi himself did not endorse Li’s interpretations, Zhang Daofan, director of the Nationalist Party’s Cultural Movement Committee, appreciated the work and recommended its publication by Zhengzhong Publishing House. This led to Li receiving an academic award from the Ministry of Education.
Furthermore, Li sought to reconstruct the critical framework of literary realism, drawing on the French Taine School’s principles of“race, milieu, and moment”and using Taine's On Balzac as a model. From a sociological perspective, he developed a critical analysis of Dream of the Red Chamber, with his“wave-like structure'' interpretation gaining particular acclaim. Li also pioneered the class-based analysis of the novel, examining its economic and social structures through the lens of societal background and material conditions. However, while state and party power propelled his research, it also drove his revisions to align with external pressures.