承認絜情：戴震哲學意義治療與共生療癒

Rapy and Co-Becoming Therapy in Dai Zhen’s Philosophy

清‧戴震控訴道德異化世道不公，診斷社會病因歸於程朱官學「存理滅欲」盡以意見「以理殺人」，以致聖賢之道隱而不彰，因此著書立言「發狂打破宋儒家中太極圖」，其義理蘊涵豐富的意義治療學意涵。
本文試從跨文化視域為傳統戴震學尋求新義，從傅朗克「意義治療學」探析戴震哲學「診斷病因」與「治療處方」。首先，考察身處歷史背景，追溯理禍斯民病症所在？其次，探尋如何以「意義意志」拯救道德壓迫，找出「理欲之辨」失衡病根，由「情」顯「理」對症下藥，建構「理存乎欲」達「情」遂「欲」關懷？再者，從霍耐特「承認理論」對比戴震「絜情同然」，探究「以情絜情」如何療癒自我與化育他人，交互承認建構「天下共遂其生」道德祈嚮為研究目的。

Dai Zhen criticized the moral alienation and societal injustice prevalent in his time. Diagnosing the societal causes, he attributed them to the teachings of Cheng-Zhu Confucianism, particularly the emphasis on“preserve reason and eliminate desire.”This, he believed, led to the obscured path of the sages. Dai Zhen therefore would“go mad and break the Taiji diagram of the Song Confucian family,”initiating a reconstruction of moral philosophy with the therapeutic significance of righteousness.
This paper aims to explore Dai Zhen's thought from a Western perspective, seeking classical reinterpretations through the lens of Viktor Frankl's philosophy of“logotherapy.”Drawing on Dai Zhen's literary works, the analysis unfolds in two directions:“diagnosing the causes”and“prescribing treatment.”Firstly, it delves into the historical context of Dai Zhen's era, seeking to understand the roots of the malady. Secondly, it investigates how Dai Zhen rescued individuals from moral oppression, identifying imbalances between reason and desire.
This paper also draws a comparison between Dai Zhen's concept of“Acknowledgement of Emotional Purification”and the“Theory of Recognition”of Axel Honneth. It explores how the act of“acknowledging sentiments”can facilitate self-healing and nurture others through“mutual recognition,”fostering a sense of collective understanding in the community. This analysis seeks to achieve a communal moral orientation for“the world to collectively follow its course.”