論《西遊記》的飲食、身體感與汙穢認識

On Food, Bodily Sensations, and the Understanding of Impurity in Journey to the West

本文以《西遊記》飲食與角色的身體感為出發點，探討在宗教訓練、不同階級中培養的身體，會對飲食產生何種態度及感受。社會文化與個體差異，文化訓練與自然本性，皆會影響角色對飲食的偏好、選擇與品味。此外，食物本身的物性，亦會影響飲食情形。而有關妖魔的飲食，與「食人」問題密不可分。《西遊記》中食人的情節，以人類的立場而言是相當特殊的吃與被吃的關係，首先，食人過程涉及到人類與妖魔不同的感官認知；其次，被吃的人類既是被吃的物，有時也具有自身的主體性，這使得食人過程變得更加複雜。最後，本文探討八戒對汙穢的感受與認識，爬梳汙穢與其對立的潔淨，並發現《西遊記》中的汙穢與潔淨會互相流轉，秩序都有模糊、被打破的可能，因而產生游移、曖昧、縫隙。正是這份游移與曖昧，使得《西遊記》具有更多解讀與認識的空間。

This paper takes the themes of food and bodily perception in Journey to the West as its starting point, exploring how religious training and bodies cultivated within different social classes shape attitudes and experiences toward food. Social and cultural factors, individual differences, cultural conditioning, and natural instincts all influence preferences, choices, and tastes in eating. Additionally, the material properties of food itself also impact dietary practices.
The diet of demons in Journey to the West is inseparable from the issue of cannibalism. From a human perspective, the depictions of cannibalism in the novel present a unique relationship between eating and being eaten. First, the act of cannibalism involves distinct sensory perceptions between humans and demons. Second, those who are eaten are not merely passive food objects; they sometimes retain their own subjectivity, complicating the act of cannibalism.