1954年中國大陸災胞救濟總會與美國遠東難民計畫簽約之經緯

The Process of Signing the Contract between the Free China Relief Association and the U.S. Far East Refugee Program in 1954

本文以1954年中國大陸災胞救濟總會（簡稱救總）與美國遠東難民計畫（Far East Refugee Program, FERP）的國際合作案為中心，爬梳冷戰初期臺美在救難議題上合作的啟動歷程。冷戰期間美國積極鼓勵蘇聯、東歐國家的難民出逃，企圖在心戰層面戰勝共產陣營。1952年前後，美國政府考慮到香港難民潮日益嚴峻，並為維繫美國在東亞的威望，選擇將難民政策逐漸擴及東亞，並於1954年成立FERP，與救總等組織合作。救總雖在人事與資金上受到政府挹注，然因經費與資源均不足，難以推展會務。當FERP成立的訊息傳到臺灣後，救總遂在外交部與美國眾議員周以德牽線下，與FERP簽訂89C合約。89C合約係由救總接運少數滯港難民來臺、協助難民自立，並由美方提供資金並督工。但是，由於九三砲戰爆發以及救總對美方政策的質疑，此一合作案起初並不成功。直到1955年傷殘義胞合約順利運作後，救總方才對FERP產生信心。

This paper takes the example of the international cooperation between the Free China Relief Association (FC_) and the Far East Refugee Program (FERP) in 1954 to analyze why Taiwan and the U. S. cooperated on refugee assistance in the early Cold War. During the Cold War, the U.S. actively encouraged refugees from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries to free, strategically employing psychological warfare to undermine the Communist Bloc. Starting around 1952, as the refugee crisis in Hong Kong became serious, this refugee policy was expanded to East Asia, in order to maintain the influence and reputation of the U.S. in the region. In 1954, the U. S. government set up the FERP to work with organizations such as the FC_. Although the FC_ was supported by the Kuomintang government, it struggled to carry out its work due to a lack of funding and resources. When the FERP was established, it signed Contract 89C with the FC_ under the auspices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and U.S. Congressman Walter Judd. _e Contract 89C stipulated that the FC_ would transport a small number of Hong Kong refugees to Taiwan and help them to become self-reliant, while the U.S. side would provide funds and supervise their work. However, due to the outbreak of the First Taiwan Strait Crisis and the FC_’s doubts about the U.S. policy, the cooperation was initially unsuccessful. It was not until 1955, when they successfully relocated disabled soldiers, that the FC_ gained confidence in the FERP.