臺灣離岸風場運維階段海域危害分析

Marine Hazard Analysis for the Operational Phase of Offshore Wind Farms in Taiwan

臺灣即將進入離岸風場第三階段區塊開發，隨著近岸區域開發的逐步飽和，具有潛在的災害問題，對風場的安全運行及操作人員的安全構成威脅。因此，本研究將探討離岸風電運維階段海域災害分析，聚焦於離岸風電運維階段所面臨的海域災害，進行系統性分析與風險評估。首先，收集並分析國內外離岸風場運營階段的作業和技術數據，分析目前國內外常用的風險評估方法的有效性，找出改進策略。其次蒐集由國外的離岸風場海域事故案例分析，研析常見的海域事故特徵。利用故障樹分析（Fault Tree Analysis, FTA）結合層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP），藉由專家問卷調查分析相對頻率與影響程度，同時結合風險矩陣（Risk Matrix），進行定量的風險等級評估分析。研究結果顯示：船舶碰撞風機、葉片損壞及海底電纜受損為主要風險來源。其中，船員操作失誤的風險等級為10（高度），風險值為1.62%，以人為因素所引致的風險為最高者；葉片遭雷擊損壞之風險等級為15，風險值為6.5%；而海底電纜方面，以漁業活動所致之風險最高，等級達15，風險值為2.29%。
本研究之研究成果可作為我國未來擬定高風險對策與預防離岸風場事故再次發生之參考依據，以預防我國離岸風場運維階段海域事故二次發生。

As Taiwan enters the third phase of offshore wind farm development, the saturation of nearshore areas raises concerns about maritime hazards in deeper waters, posing risks to both facility operation and personnel safety. This study focuses on hazard analysis during the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase of offshore wind farms. Operational data and accident case studies from domestic and international wind farms were collected to evaluate the effectiveness of existing risk assessment methods and propose improvement strategies. Common maritime hazard characteristics were identified through case analysis. A combined approach using Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), expert surveys, and risk matrix evaluation was applied to quantify risk levels. Results show that crew operational error holds the highest human-related risk (level 10, risk value 1.62%), lightning-induced blade damage is the highest blade-related risk (level 15, risk value 6.5%), and fishing activity poses the greatest risk to subsea cables (level 15, risk value 2.29%).
This study provides a practical reference for developing targeted mitigation strategies to prevent recurrence of offshore incidents during Taiwan’s offshore wind O&M phase.