氣態氫儲存與運輸作業安全之初探

A Preliminary Study on Safety in Gaseous Hydrogen Storage and Transportation Operations

隨著全球積極推動能源轉型，各國相繼訂定「2050淨零排放」目標，氫能源因具備低碳優勢，再度成為國際關注的重點。歐盟、日本、美國、韓國等主要經濟體已推出多項氫能政策與發展戰略，包括歐盟的氫能戰略、日本的國家氫能基本戰略、美國的氫能計畫及韓國的氫經濟推進法，涵蓋投資、研發、法規及基礎設施建設，促進氫能於能源、運輸、工業及建築等領域的應用。
本報告彙整國內外氫氣相關法規並分析過往事故案例，如挪威加氫站爆炸與臺灣國道氫氣槽車起火，顯示氫氣於生產、儲存及運輸階段潛藏洩漏、火災與爆炸等高風險。本報告亦針對臺灣氫能發展中的職業安全議題，進行座談與現場訪視，聚焦管線脆化、高壓儲氫、高壓氫氣處理和氫氣槽車運輸等環節風險，強化氫氣安全管理體系與現場作業安全指引，對保障人員與設施安全極為關鍵，現場訪視的安全防護重點在管線及流向標示、作業標準操作流程、槽車接地與輪檔設置、安全閥配置、防駛離裝置、氫氣洩漏偵測器、法蘭處理（如鐵絲網包覆）、以及無火花工具的使用。
本報告亦提出「氫氣運送與儲存危害」，提供業界安全技術建議與操作準則，以協助業者掌握氫氣相關風險防控措施，降低潛在危害，強化人員、設施與環境之安全保障。

With the global push toward energy transition and net-zero emissions by 2050, hydrogen energy has regained international attention for its low-carbon potential. Major economies—including the EU, Japan, the U.S., and South Korea—have introduced hydrogen strategies and policies covering investment, R&D, regulations, and infrastructure, promoting hydrogen use in energy, transport, industry, and construction.
This project reviews domestic and international hydrogen-related regulations and analyzes past incidents, such as the Norway hydrogen station explosion and a highway tanker fire in Taiwan, which highlight the risks of hydrogen production, storage, and transportation. Field studies and stakeholder discussions in Taiwan focused on safety issues including pipeline embrittlement, high-pressure hydrogen systems, and tanker transport, emphasizing the need to strengthen hydrogen safety management and on-site operational safety guidelines.
Key safety practices identified include clear pipeline labeling, SOPs, grounding, wheel stoppers, safety valves, anti-drive-away devices, leak detectors, flange protection（e.g., wire mesh）, and non-sparking tools. The project also proposes a“The hazard in hydrogen storage and transportation”to help industry professionals implement effective safety measures and reduce potential risks, ensuring protection of personnel, facilities, and the environment.