從「離散社群」看中共的統戰邏輯：以金門為案例的分析

Understanding the CCP’s United Front Logic from the Perspective of“Diaspora Community”: An Analysis of Kinmen

本文以「離散社群」的概念，結合「文化／政治認同」的二元架構，分析中共視野下的統戰對象，並以金門為案例，探討中共對其進行統戰工作的運作機制。研究發現，中共根據離散社群的認同落點，採取相應的統戰手段。從中共的視角看來，儘管金門與臺灣同屬「應統一但卻尚未統一」的離散社群，但由於兩者在文化認同上逐漸分化，促使中共重新評估了金門的戰略意義，故而對其施以有別於臺灣的統戰手段。一來試圖維持雙方的常態交流與金門人的中國意象；二來也精準鎖定其經濟訴求，提出相應的政策倡議；並且操作金門人的情緒，分化金門與臺灣的關係。而金門人對統戰有著獨特的詮釋，將之視為可利用的資源。這顯示作為統戰對象的離散社群並非處於被動地位，而是試圖強調自主性和能動性，希望策略性地獲取利益最大化。統戰是一個複雜的雙向互動過程，儘管中共希望以此來消解與離散社群之間的認同張力，但這樣的做法卻存在根本的侷限。無論是作為次要敵人或統戰隊伍，離散社群都可能會因為自身利益的考量，而未必順應中共的指揮與安排。

This paper adopts the concept of the“diaspora community,”integrating a dual framework of cultural and political identity to analyze the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) classification of united front targets. Using Kinmen as a case study, it explores the mechanisms behind the CCP’s united front operations in this specific context. The CCP adopts differentiated strategies based on the identity positions of diaspora communities. Although Kinmen and Taiwan are both viewed by the CCP as“to-be-unified”diaspora regions, the growing divergence in their cultural identities has led the CCP to reassess Kinmen’s strategic significance and apply an approach distinct from that used toward Taiwan. It attempts to maintain routine cross-strait exchanges and the“China image”of Kinmen residents, while also precisely targeting their economic demands with relevant policy initiatives and manipulating their emotions to divide Kinmen from Taiwan. Kinmen residents tend to interpret the united front as a resource to be strategically utilized, highlighting their agency and self-interest in navigating these political overtures. United front work, therefore, should be understood as a complex, interactive process. Despite the CCP’s attempts to ease identity tensions through the united front work, the efforts face inherent limitations. As either“secondary enemies”or“united front force,”diaspora communities may not necessarily comply with the CCP’s directives and agendas.