中美貿易戰、新冠肺炎下中國內陸臺商的因應策略：重慶市田野調查的分析

The Strategies to the U.S.-China Trade War and Covid-19 by Taiwanese Firms in Inland China: A Fieldwork in Chongqing

本文以2024年重慶市17家臺商企業之田野訪談為基礎，探討美國川普總統第一任總統任期內啟動的中美貿易戰，以及新冠疫情對內陸地區臺商的影響。本研究發現：1.雖然疫情期間重慶市多次實施嚴厲封城措施，但是因為「閉環式生產」運作順利，臺商在疫情期間並沒有遭遇生產鏈斷鏈的問題，疫情後也沒有臺商因疫情因素而海外生產分散；2.筆電雖然沒有被列入中美貿易戰的懲罰性關稅名單中，但是包括筆電零件供應商的生產鏈，在中美貿易戰之後，已經陸續在東南亞布局生產據點。此外，相較於近年華東地區臺商筆電生產量萎縮，重慶筆電生產量並不低於貿易戰之前，顯示中美貿易戰對於中國臺商產業的影響有區域性落差，而內陸地區的產業轉移臺商有較強的韌性。

Since the mid-2000s, the industrial transfer has been the important issue related to the development of the inland region and manufacturing’s growth in China. Authors have focused on the influence of the U.S–China trade war and Covid-19 on transferred Taiwanese firms by the fieldworks in inland cities in recent years. After the survey in Hunan in 2023, authors visited Chongqing in the summer of 2024. Their fieldwork in Chongqing discovered that even with severe lockdown, the closed-loop management helps Taiwanese factories in Chongqing supply goods as usual and there no Taiwanese factories that move production lines out of China because of the pandemic. By contrast, Taiwanese suppliers of laptops in Chongqing moved some production lines to Southeast Asia since the trade war even though laptops are not on the list for products to be charged with extra tariffs. Furthermore, comparing the significant decrease of laptops production in East China in recent years, the trade war did not cause the similar change of laptops production in Chongqing. This shows that the manufacturing in the inland region is more resilient to the impact of the trade war.