捷克與維謝格拉德集團的外交互動──合作、分歧與未來

Czechia and the Visegrad Group (V4) in Diplomatic Interaction: Cooperation, Divergence, and the Future

維謝格拉德集團自1991年成立以來，成為中歐最具代表性的次區域合作機制。本文以小國外交理論、區域主義與多層級治理理論為分析架構，探討捷克在維謝格拉德集團（V4）中的外交互動與角色轉變，並結合文本分析、比較研究與案例研究等質性方法。本研究指出，捷克透過V4平台放大小國外交影響力，特別在能源、移民及歐盟政策協調上發揮重要作用。然而，自2015年移民危機與2022年俄烏戰爭後，V4內部分歧擴大，形成「V2+V2」的格局：捷克與波蘭採親西方路線，而匈牙利與斯洛伐克則傾向親俄或疑歐立場。此現象削弱了V4作為集體協商平台的功能。儘管如此，捷克仍在經濟、文化與教育等低政治領域維持合作，並透過國際維謝格拉德基金深化區域連結。同時，捷克推行多平台外交策略，積極參與三海倡議與北約機制，以維護其歐洲政策靈活性。本文認為，捷克未來應以「議題導向、多層合作」取代對V4整體性的依賴，以鞏固其對中歐地區的外交影響力。

Since its establishment in 1991, the Visegrád Group (V4) has become the most prominent sub-regional cooperation mechanism in Central Europe. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of small state foreign policy, regionalism, and multi-level governance, this study examines the Czech Republic’s diplomatic interactions and evolving role within the V4. The research demonstrates that the Czech Republic has leveraged the V4 platform to amplify its influence as a small state, particularly in the areas of energy security, migration governance, and coordination of EU policies. However, internal divergences within the V4 have deepened since the 2015 migration crisis and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, giving rise to a“V2+V2”configuration. In this emerging alignment, the Czech Republic and Poland adopt a pro-Western orientation, whereas Hungary and Slovakia tend toward pro-Russian or Eurosceptic positions. Simultaneously, the Czech Republic has pursued a multi-platform diplomatic strategy, strengthening engagement with the Three Seas Initiative, NATO frameworks, and broader EU coalitions in order to retain strategic flexibility in its European policy. This study argues that the Czech Republic should increasingly rely on issue-based and multi-layered cooperation, rather than depending on the V4 as a cohesive unit, to consolidate its diplomatic influence in Central Europe.