全球化與地方發展的在地條件──捷克庫特納霍拉個案研究

Globalization and the Specific Conditions of Local Development: A Case Study of KutnáHora, Czech Republic

1989年以降，中東歐諸國經歷共黨統治瓦解、社會轉型及全球化衝擊的極大變遷，爾後也紛紛加入歐盟，吸引來自西歐、北美及亞洲的外來直接投資。面臨這樣的全球化及區域整合過程與效應，中東歐國家的地方社會有何反應？其發展策略如何？又，其間有何發展矛盾與挑戰？從這些問題出發，本文特地選擇捷克的著名城鎮庫特納霍拉作為個案，利用文獻探討與移地研究的方法，了解其地方政府及公民社會團體的運作，分析其如何利用優勢的在地條件來促進地方社會的發展，特別是從沒落的礦業城鎮蛻變成國際性的旅遊觀光景點。研究發現庫特納霍拉具有與其歷史遺產與傳統稟賦連結的經濟發展優勢，卻也面對一些內部矛盾和挑戰，包括地方發展目標及策略的社會共識建立，以及擴大地方社會的制度基礎及其動員力量，並進而對於一些全球化發展理論觀點有所反思。

Since 1989, with the collapse of communist regimes, institutional transformations, and the impact of globalization, Central and Eastern European countries and their societies have undergone profound changes. Subsequently, they have joined the European Union, attracting foreign direct investment from Western Europe, North America, and Asia. Faced with the processes and effects of globalization and regional integration, how have local societies in Central and Eastern Europe responded? What are their development strategies? What development contradictions and challenges have emerged? This article specifically selects the historic town of KutnáHora in the Czech Republic as a case study. Using literature review and field research, this article examines the operations of local government and civil society groups, analyzing how they leverage advantageous local conditions to promote local social development, particularly their transformation from a declining mining town into an international tourist destination. The study found that KutnáHora has economic advantages linked to its historical heritage and traditional endowments, but it also faces some internal contradictions and challenges, including the establishment of social consensus on local development goals and strategies, as well as expanding the institutional foundation and mobilization power of local society, and thus reflecting on some globalization development theories.