公立大學自治及在地地方自治衝突調和之研究

A Study on the Conflict between the Public University Autonomy & the Local Autonomy in Taiwan

按國家教育法令設立大學校院且賦予「大學自治」職能，亦復依據憲法及「地方自治」法令規定而分別設立「地方自治團體」且賦予「地方自治」職能，揆諸臺灣各該大學校院事項，原則上均係「中央保留」範疇，然大學校院勢必坐落於「地方自治團體」管轄地域範圍，前開二者「自治職能」發生衝突者，如何折衝及調處？本研究藉由「政策衝突理論」作為研究取徑，復以某公立大學牽涉《勞動基準法》而與該管「地方自治團體」發生扞格個案作為研究客體，從事若干質性研究而研析前開二者「自治職能」折衝調處及其運作。本研究結論認以，國家針對「大學自治」定義、適用範疇及渠運作（包含校院規範層級化體系建立及大學校院內部規範規畫）等事項，應以狹義法律定之；「大學自治」職能運作，「地方自治團體」當予尊重；其屬「地方保留」或「地方委辦」者，各該大學校院猶當服從在地「地方自治團體」規範；至於其屬「中央保留」事項者，當地「地方自治團體」，自無置喙餘地，渠屬「大學自治」範疇，尤或藉此配合「地方自治團體」而共同實踐「大學社會責任」；前開兩者「自治職能」發生扞格者，國家行政及立法部門當先行藉由各種法令規範建立折衝調處機制，國家司法機制處理為輔。

The nations found various universities & colleges in accordance with the education laws & regulations, and assigned the functions of “university autonomy”. However, the nations also found the “local autonomy” in accordance with the Constitution and the “local autonomy”, to give the “local self-governing bodies ”the function of “local autonomy”. The matters about the governances of the universities & colleges, in principle, belong to the “central retention” in Taiwan this time. However, the universities and colleges are bound to be located in the jurisdiction of the local self-governing bodies mentioned above. How can adjust & mediate the conflicts between the two “autonomous functions” mentioned above? This study is based on the case of a discord between a public university in the Northern Taiwan involved in the “Labor Standards Law ”& the local government as the research objects of this study, and uses the some qualitative research methods such as “literature analysis”, “documentary analysis” and “individual experience summary” etc. by the approach of the policy conflict, in order to conduct research and analysis the development about the operation & adjustion of the two “autonomous functions” mentioned above. The conclusions of this study are, The nations should develop and make the professional laws for the definition of the “university autonomy”, the scope of application & the operation (including the establishment of a hierarchical system of university regulations) about the “university autonomy”, and even the various internal regulations of the universities & colleges, regarding the operations of the function about “university autonomy” based on the laws & regulations of the higher education institutions, the “local governments” should respect them, because it belongs to the “university autonomy”, it should be used to positively and actively practice the “university social responsibility”, there are some disputes & conflicts between the two “autonomy function” mentioned above. It's so better the state's administrative and legislative sectors should first establish a clear mechanism for reconciliation by the laws & regulations, next takes the state's judicial mechanism.