安南使節阮忠彥北使詩中的異域書寫

The Writing of Foreign Lands in the Annam Envoy Ruan Zhongyan’s Poems about the North

本文以安南使節阮忠彥（1289-1370）的北使詩作為主要研究對象，探析其詩中的異域書寫。阮忠彥是安南陳朝（1225-1400）著名的詩人，也是歷事陳朝五代君主的賢臣、鉅儒與文章大家。他在二十六歲時以正使的身分赴蒙元帝國報聘，次年返回安南，留下了足以編輯成集的北使之作。由於十世紀到十二世紀，安南使節的北使詩都已佚失，所以元代所見者，普遍被認為是現存最早的北使詩，另外，阮忠彥的《介軒詩集》亦是蒙元時期僅見的安南使節北使詩集，這些都突顯了此一論題的重要性。然而，目前通行的50頁本《介軒詩集》存在的訛誤甚多，除了收錄不夠完全、兼採非北使之作外，最大的問題是誤收了後黎朝（1428-1789）阮宗窐（1693-1767）的24首北使詩，近三成的誤收率，某種程度混淆了阮忠彥北使詩的整體面貌。由此，本文以《越音詩集》、《摘艷詩集》、《精選諸家律詩》、《全越詩錄》、《皇越詩選》、《明都詩選》等六種越南漢詩總集，對《介軒詩集》輯錄的阮忠彥詩進行校勘與補遺，在此基礎上考察阮忠彥的北使詩，希望兼顧兩個面向，一方面透過目前掌握的研究材料重新釐定阮忠彥的北使路線，另一方面則透過文本細讀，解讀阮忠彥如何體認他在這次旅行中所經驗的異域，並進一步探討其異域書寫獨具特色之處。

This study investigates the poems about being sent as an envoy to northern China written by Ruan Zhongyan (1289-1370), a native from Annam, and analyzes the writing of foreign lands in his poems. Ruan was a famous poet of the Annam Ch’en dynasty (1225-1400), a faithful official who served five emperors in the Ch’en dynasty, an outstanding Confucian, and a famous essayist. At 26, he was sent to the Mongol-Yuan Empire as an officially employed envoy. The next year, he returned to Annam and left behind numerous poems, sufficient for a collection. Between the 10th and the 12th century, most of these poems were lost. The remaining ones date from the Yuan dynasty, and are commonly considered the earliest existing poems about being an envoy to northern China. At present, Ruan’s Poetry Collection of Jie Xuan is the only existing collection of poetry about an Annam envoy to northern China, which foregrounds the importance of this study. However, the existing fifty-page Poetry Collection of Jie Xuan contains many mistakes. It is not a complete collection and includes poems unrelated to his trip to China. Most problematically, the collection mistakenly includes 24 poems about envoys to northern China during the Later Le dynasty (1428-1789) and poems by Ruan Zonggui (1693-1767). With a nearly 30% error rate, this collection misrepresents, to a degree, the overall feature of Ruan Zhongyan’s poems. Therefore, this study uses six Vietnamese poetry collections written in Chinese—namely Từ điển Hán Nôm (Poetry Collection of Yue Yin), Từ điển Hán Nôm (Poetry Collection of Zhai Yan), Selected Works of Metrical Poems, Vietnamese Poetry, Hoàng Việt thi tuyển (Poetry Collection of Huang Yue), and Minh đô thi tuyển (Poetry Collection of Ming Du) - to collate and annotate the Poetry Collection of Jie Xuan. The author has two aims in inspecting Ruan’s poems: . first, to retrace the route Ruan took, and second, to understand through close reading how Ruan represented the outlying territories and to discuss the unique characteristics of his writing about these foreign lands.