從「黨領導一切」的角度看中共對農村的「集體化」到「再集體化」

Looking at the CCP’s“collectivization”to“re-collectivization”of rural areas from the perspective of“the party leads everything”

綜觀中共建政後，毛澤東開始對中國大陸社會各個層面，進行社會主義全面改造的進程，「黨領導一切」是最重要的過程，尤其是在農村「政治化」的政治控制，中共對農村進行「集體化」成為研究「毛澤東時期」的重要的研究議題。2012年習近平上臺之後至今，習近平對農村的「再集體化」過程，再度成為研究中國社會主義的重要的熱門議題。「集體化」是「毛澤東時期」對農村進行政治控制施行「馬克思主義中國化」；「再集體化」則是習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想是馬克思主義中國化最新成果之一，也是習近平對農村「法律化」的政治控制。
整體而言，所有制度轉嫁接自蘇聯的中共，其社會主義針對社會的生產力與生產關係相互之間產生的主導社會新形式非常重視、從發展農村合作社到集體化過程的認知、使用機械化與達到集體化的二者相互合作關係的認知、產生集體化過程的增加社會主義方式的認知等方面存在共同性，從毛澤東的「集體化」到習近平的「再集體化」對社會再生產、對土地國有和集體所有、對小農經濟、對工農業關係及對商品生產經濟的認知、對不同形式資本的認識、對集體化發展速度的認知各方面存在差異產生改革。在此情形之下，對中國目前呈現微弱的集體經濟「再集體化」不是只對歷史單純的簡單回歸，而是要發展具有中國特色的社會主義治理，本文嘗試結合比較「集體化」與「再集體化」的研究，對中國馬克思主義理論與中國國情互相結合印證的實踐與探索。

After the founding of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong began the process of comprehensive socialist transformation at all levels of Chinese mainland society.“The Party leads everything”is the most important process, especially the“politicization”of political control in rural areas. The CCP's control of rural areas Carrying out“collectivization”has become an important research topic in studying the“Mao Zedong period”. Since Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, Xi Jinping’s“recollectivization”process in rural areas has once again become an important and hot topic in the study of Chinese socialism.“Collectivization”refers to the political control of rural areas during the“Mao Zedong period”and the“Sinicization of Marxism”;“recollectivization”refers to Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, one of the latest achievements of the Sinicization of Marxism, and Xi Jinping’s“Legalized”political control in rural areas.
On the whole, all systems were transferred from the Communist Party of China in the Soviet Union. Its socialism attaches great importance to the new forms of dominant society arising from the interaction between social productivity and production relations, from the development of rural cooperatives to the recognition of the collectivization process, the use of mechanization and There are commonalities in the recognition of the mutual cooperation between the two to achieve collectivization, and the recognition of the increase in socialist methods that produce the collectivization process. From Mao Zedong’s“collectivization”to Xi Jinping’s“recollectivization”, there are differences in the impact on social reproduction and Reforms arise from the differences in understanding between stateowned and collectively owned land, small-scale peasant economy, industrial-agricultural relations and commodity production economy, understanding of different forms of capital, and understanding of the speed of collectivization development. Under this situation, the“recollectivization”of China’s currently weak collective economy is not a simple return to historical simplicity, but the development of socialist governance with Chinese characteristics. This article attempts to compare ''collectivization'' and The study of“recollectivization”is a practice and exploration that combines Chinese Marxist theory with China's national conditions.