不同注意力焦點策略應用於提升大學籃球選手跳躍高度與進步幅度的影響

The effect of applying different attentional focus strategies on improving jump height and progress among collegiate basketball players

目的：比較不同訓練經驗籃球員採用無指導、內在焦點指導與外在焦點指導策略，對垂直立定跳與助跑單腳跳高度與進步幅度的差異，並提供教練和研究員實務建議。方法：以便利取樣方式（Convenience sampling）招募體育學院與體育部共42名男性大學生，分為優秀組與一般組各21名；使用摸高架紀錄使用三種不同注意力焦點策略時，垂直立定跳與助跑單腳跳高度差異；再以混合設計二因子變異數分析（Two-way Mixed Design ANOVA），考驗兩組跳躍高度的差異（a=.05）；再計算出內在焦點指導與外在焦點指導策略進步幅度差異。結果：在垂直立定跳方面，一般組採用外在焦點指導與無指導進行垂直立定跳，所得高度顯著優於內在焦點指導；優秀組外在焦點指導顯著優於內在焦點指導。優秀組採用外在與內在焦點指導皆優於一般組。一般組在助跑單腳跳時，不論採用任何注意力焦點皆無差異；優秀組採用外在焦點，相較其餘兩策略可顯著提高跳躍高度；且優秀組採用外在焦點進行助跑單腳跳，提升18.84%的高度為最佳。結論：教練在指導經驗缺乏與豐富經驗的球員爭搶籃板球時，可採用外在焦點指導來提升跳躍高度。

Purpose: The study compared basketball players with different training experiences using unguided, intrinsic focus-guided, and extrinsic focus-guided strategies to examine differences in vertical standing jump and single-leg running jump height, as well as improvement magnitude. Practical suggestions were provided for coaches and researchers. Method: The study recruited a total of 42 male university students from sports colleges and the sports department using convenience sampling. Participants were divided into two groups—21 in the excellent group and 21 in the general group. A jump height recording device was used to measure the differences in vertical standing jump and single-leg running jump height across three different attention focus strategies. Two-way Mixed Design ANOVA was employed to test the differences in jump heights between the two groups (α= .05), and improvement magnitude differences between intrinsic and extrinsic focus-guided strategies were calculated. Results: For vertical standing jump, participants in the general group achieved significantly greater jump heights when using extrinsic focus-guided or unguided strategies compared to intrinsic focus-guided strategies. In the excellent group, extrinsic focus-guided strategies also significantly outperformed intrinsic ones. Furthermore, the excellent group showed superior performance with both extrinsic and intrinsic focus-guided strategies compared to the general group. In single-leg running jumps, there were no differences in height across any attention focus strategies in the general group. However, the excellent group achieved significantly higher jump heights using extrinsic focus strategies compared to the other two strategies. The excellent group showed an 18.84% improvement in jump height using extrinsic focus strategies during single-leg running jumps, which was the best performance. Conclusion: Coaches can use extrinsic focus-guided strategies to enhance the jump heights of players, whether they have limited or extensive training experience, during rebound situations in basketball.