以跳箱活化後增能作用對大專柔道選手爆發力之立即性效應

The Immediate Effects of Box Jump-Induced Post-Activation Potentiation on Explosive Power in Collegiate Judo Athletes

柔道是一項高強度且節奏緊湊的運動，比賽過程中選手需快速發揮全身力量以完成技術動作，因此，在比賽前設計有效的熱身方案成為提升競技表現的關鍵。本研究之目的為探討以跳箱活化後增能作用對大專柔道選手肌肉活化和運動表現之立即性效應。方法：14位18至30歲國內甲組男性柔道選手作為受試者（身高：173.79±4.23公分、體重：84.74±19.36公斤、年齡：19.79±1.57歲）。並隨機平均分為兩組，增強式組（n=7, Plyometric group, P組）和對照組（n=7, Control group,Ｃ組）透過下蹲跳（Counter movement Jump, CMJ）和等長中段上拉（Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull, IMTP）做為檢測項目，P組在後測前會先進行跳箱誘發介入，以30公分的跳箱並跟著節奏（15BPM），2分鐘跳躍30下進行活化後增能（post-activation potentiation, PAP）誘發，而Ｃ組則不進行誘發直接進行體能檢測項目，所測得數據以成對樣本t檢定比較各項數值前後測之差異。結果：P組介入跳躍誘發後，在CMJ測試中發力率、力量峰值、相對力量峰值、跳躍高度和RSImod有顯著差異，以及IMTP發力率峰值、到達發力率峰值時間和5秒的衝量的前後測皆有顯著差異，而C組所有參數則無顯著差異。結論：30公分跳箱節奏（15BPM），2分鐘跳躍30下進行活化後增能作用，可即時顯著提升大專柔道選手的爆發力和下蹲跳躍表現。

Judo is a high-intensity and fast-paced sport that requires athletes to rapidly exert full-body power to perform technical maneuvers. Therefore, designing effective warm-up protocols before competitions is key to enhancing athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of box jump-induced post-activation potentiation (PAP) on muscle activation and athletic performance in collegiate judo athletes. Methods: Fourteen male collegiate Division I judo athletes aged 18 to 30 years (height: 173.79±4.23 cm, weight: 84.74±19.36 kg, age: 19.79±1.57 years) participated in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: the plyometric group (P group, n = 7) and the control group (C group, n = 7). Countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) were used as the assessment tests. The P group performed box jumps as a PAP intervention before the post-test, utilizing a 30 cm box and jumping to a rhythm of 15 BPM for 2 minutes, completing 30 jumps. The C group did not undergo the intervention and proceeded directly to the performance tests. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare pre- and post-test differences within each group. Results: The P group showed significant improvements in CMJ test parameters, including rate of force development, peak force, relative peak force, jump height, and RSImod. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the IMTP test for peak rate of force development, time to peak rate of force development, and 5-second impulse. In contrast, no significant changes were found in any parameter for the C group. Conclusion: The 30 cm box jump protocol with a 15 BPM rhythm, consisting of 30 jumps over 2 minutes, effectively and immediately enhanced explosive power and countermovement jump performance in collegiate judo athletes.