冷水療對羽球青少年運動員疲勞恢復與運動表現之急性影響：先期研究

The Acute Effects of Cold Water Therapy on Fatigue Recovery and Sports Performance in Adolescent Badminton Athletes: A Preliminary Study

本研究之目的為探討羽球青少年運動員運動後冷水療對於自覺疲勞與運動能力恢復的影響。方法：招募12名15至18歲高中羽球運動代表隊男性選手進行實驗，並隨機分配受試者為冷水浸泡實驗組6名與靜止休息對照組6名，實驗以一天進行，測量時間分為誘發疲勞前（前測）、誘發疲勞後（中測）及介入恢復後（後測）。檢測項目以肌肉痠痛與疲勞自覺量表、Y字平衡測試（Y-Balance Test, YBT）、下蹲跳（Countermovement Jump, CMJ）、20公尺直線衝刺跑、米字步法測驗進行，將取得的數據以二因子重複量數變異數分析考驗兩種恢復方式的差異，當達到顯著水準時，再以Bonferroni法進行事後比較。結果發現，臀部與前大腿的痠痛、整體疲勞以及CMJ測驗中發力率、力量峰值及米字步法測驗等運動表現指標兩組皆出現交互作用（p<.05），經事後分析發現冷水療可以達到更好的恢復效果（p<.05），結論：冷水療對於羽球青少年運動員感知疲勞、跳躍爆發力與專項敏捷能力的恢復具有正面效益，冷水療可能不會影響衝刺速度或動態平衡能力的恢復及後續表現。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-exercise cold water therapy on perceived fatigue and recovery of sports performance in adolescent badminton athletes. Methods: Twelve male high school badminton team athletes (aged 15-18) were recruited and randomly assigned to either a cold water immersion (CWI) experimental group (n = 6) or a passive rest control group (n = 6). The experiment was conducted in a single session, with measurements taken at three time points: before fatigue induction (pre-test), after fatigue induction (mid-test), and after recovery intervention (post-test). The assessments included the Perceived Muscle Soreness and Fatigue Scale, Y-Balance Test (YBT), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), 20-meter sprint, and badminton-specific footwork agility test. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze differences between the two recovery methods, and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was conducted if significant differences were observed. Results: Significant interactions (p < .05) were found in muscle soreness of the hip and anterior thigh, overall fatigue, as well as CMJ performance indicators such as rate of force development and peak power, along with the footwork agility test. Post hoc analysis further confirmed that CWI provided superior recovery effects (p < .05). Conclusion: Cold water therapy has positive effects on perceived fatigue recovery, jump explosiveness, and sport-specific agility in adolescent badminton athletes. However, it may not significantly influence the recovery and subsequent performance of sprint speed or dynamic balance.