思想家／協力者的文學隱語：論周作人1930-40年代散文中的佛教話語

The Literary Enigmatics of a Thinker/Collaborator: On Buddhist Discourse in Zhou Zuoren’s Essays from the 1930s to the 1940s

「佛經」在周作人（1885-1967）的「雜學」中向來佔有一席之地，然而過往研究對此著墨不多，有待重新檢視。本文探討1930-40年代周作人散文中的佛教話語，藉此重新理解周作人的知識體系，並且進一步與歷史研究對話，重構周作人通往中日戰爭的精神史的一個側面。本文論述分為三個部分：第一部分探討周作人如何將佛教話語轉化為探索美學趣味與思想辨析的素材，以形塑「文抄公」式的寫作風格與「雜學」的思想特徵。第二部分聚焦於中日戰爭爆發後，周作人頻頻致意於「投身飼餓虎」與「大乘菩薩」的用意。第三部分則深入周作人對日協力的困境，探討他如何在「飼虎」的悲願與「飼狼」的嘲諷之間摻入佛教「忍辱」的討論，藉此表達自己在戰爭時期的倫理抉擇與雙重姿態。

While“Buddhist scriptures”have long held a significant place in Zhou Zuoren’s“miscellaneous studies,”the connection between these texts and Zhou’s intellectual framework has received limited scholarly attention and warrants further investigation. This article explores how Zhou employed and incorporated Buddhist discourse in his essays from the 1930s to the 1940s and aims to reconceptualize his system of thought. This study contributes to broader dialogues in historical studies by reconstructing Zhou’s nuanced stance on the zeitgeist during the Second Sino-Japanese War. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part examines how Zhou transformed Buddhist discourse into the material for exploring aesthetic savor (quwei) and ideological discernment by tracing the development of his“copyist”writing style and the intellectual features in his“miscellaneous studies.”The second section focuses on Zhou’s intention to allude to the story of Prince Sattva, who“sacrifices the body to feed the hungry tigers,”and“Mahayana Bodhisattva”after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War. The third section delves into Zhou’s predicament of his collaboration with Japan and delineates how he imbued the Buddhist term“kshanti”with his thought when evaluating the ethical tention between the compassionate vow (bēiyuàn) of“feeding the tiger”and his ironic commentary on“feeding the wolf.”In doing so, Zhous articulated his ethical choices and the complexity of his bilateral relationships during the wartime period.