論魏校的學術與學派問題

A Study of Wei Xiao’s Scholarship and Academic Lineage

魏校（子才、莊渠，1483-1543）是出身崑山的重要學者，正德年間曾與王陽明（名守仁，1472-1529）進行學術論辯，對陽明思想的成形起到一定的刺激。黃宗羲（梨洲，1610-1695）《明儒學案》將魏校置於「崇仁學案」之下，謂其私淑胡居仁（敬齋，1434-1484）主敬之學並有所精進，這個論斷對後世產生極大的影響。本文從各時期學者對魏校的認識、魏校思想的轉變、以及魏校對陳獻章（白沙，1428-1500）的態度三方面入手，勾勒魏校學思的樣貌，並重新檢討其與胡居仁的學術淵源，指出魏校私淑胡居仁並沿著主敬之學加密的學術特色，其實是出自黃宗羲片面的理解與形塑，而非魏校周遭師友乃至於清初以前學界對他的認知。

Wei Xiao (1483-1543), a prominent scholar from Kunshan, exerted a formative influence on the development of Wang Yangming’s (1472-1529) thought after their engagement in scholarly debates during the Zhengde era, when Wei was serving as an official in Nanjing. In Mingru Xuean, Huang Zongxi (1610-1695) placed Wei under the“Chongren School Case,”asserting that Wei admired and refined Hu Juren’s (1434-1484) study of zhujing (principle of reverence) in spirit. Huang’s contention regarding Hu’s subtle influence on Wei had a profound impact on later generations of scholars. This paper traces the trajectory of Wei’s intellectual development and scholarship by exploring various scholarly interpretaions of Wei, examining the transformation of his thought, and analyzing his stance on Chen Xianzhang (1428-1500). By reassessing the academic lineage between Hu and Wei, the study argues that the notion of Wei’s devotion to and refinement of Hu’s zhujing doctrine from their private supervisorial relationship was, in fact, a result of Huang’s partial and incomplete understanding of Wei’s thought. Thus, Huang’s interpretation of Wei diverges from the perspectives of Wei’s contemporaries, mentors, and the academic community prior to the early Qing period.