論慈母與慈母服

On“Cimu”and“Cimu Mourning Attire”

《儀禮‧喪服》以及《禮記》〈內則〉、〈曾子問〉三處文獻中提到的「慈母」服頗有牴牾。本文第一部份分析先秦文獻中與「慈母服」相關的記載，釐清差異之處。第二部份，梳理漢代文獻中關於「慈母」及「母」名的運用，掌握漢人對此二名的運用狀況，進而分析鄭玄對慈母服的註解。第三部份，梁武帝對經典慈母服的解釋與鄭玄針鋒相對，本文嘗試評議討論。第四部份，探討先秦文獻產生牴牾的原因，提出與鄭玄、梁武帝不同的解讀。筆者認為，歷來詮釋者多以「並時」文獻看待〈喪服〉等所載慈母服，遂產生彼此衝突的認識，若改以「發展」的觀點重新思考，則可見〈喪服〉等文獻實際上反映了不同時期「慈母服」的樣貌，彼此並無牴牾。目前尚未見到以此觀點詮釋「慈母服」的研究，希望能為學界提供新的視角。

There is considerable inconsistency regarding the meaning of“Cimu mourning attire”in“Sang Fu”from Yili (the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial),“Nèizé”and“ZēngzǐWèn”from Liji (the Book of Rites). The first part of this paper identifies and clarifies the discrepancy in connotations by analyzing the term“Cimu mourning attire”recorded in pre-Qin literature. In the second part, this paper explores how the Han Chinese incorporated the terms“Cimu”and“mu”and investigates their application in Han dynasty texts. This part is followed by an examination of Zheng Xuan’s commentary on“Cimu mourning attire.”The third part of the paper attempts to discuss the opposing interpretations of“Cimu mourning attire”between Liang Wu Di and Zheng Xuan. Finally, this paper examines the reasons for the divergent interpretations of the term in pre-Qin literature, and offers a new interpretation that differs from Liang and Zheng’s perspectives. This study suggests that the conflicting statements regarding the idea of“Cimu mourning attire”arise from earlier approaches that comprehended the term in“Sang fu”and other texts based on a contemporaneous viewpoint. Thus, this study re-examines the term from the perspective of“development”and contends that different texts and documents reflect various aspects of“Cimu mourning attire”in different historical periods. Such understanding of“Cimu mourning attire”has not been fully explored in contemporary research; hence, this paper aims to offer a new perspective to the academic community.