日語對萬大泰雅語與宜蘭澤敖利泰雅語音韻系統之影響

The Impact of Japanese on the Phonology of Plngawan and Klesan Atayal

日本統治時期(1895-1945)對臺灣所有語言都留下深刻的影響，其中最明顯的是臺灣南島語和漢語方言中的許多日語借詞。本文探討日語所影響更深遠的層面──日語是如何影響萬大和宜蘭澤敖利兩種泰雅語方言的音韻系統？這兩種方言，不但有許多日語借詞和借用的音位，甚至因此造成其音韻排列的變化。在宜蘭澤敖利泰雅語中，日語借詞能夠違反音節結構的制約。在萬大方言中，日語影響了其舌冠擦音和塞擦音的分布，並可能促成了音位的分裂。日語持續的影響，鬆綁了兩種方言的音韻限制，使其能夠更輕易地借用其他語言的詞彙，如臺灣閩南語或臺灣華語。

Japanese rule in Taiwan (1895–1945) has left a lasting mark on all of Taiwan’s languages, the most obvious of which are the many Japanese lexical borrowings in both Formosan and Sinitic languages of Taiwan. This article looks at a deeper aspect of the impact of Japanese: its influence on the phonological systems of two Atayal dialects—Plngawan and Klesan. In both dialects, Japanese loanwords not only brought with them loan phonemes, but also ushered in changes to phonological constraints. In Klesan, Japanese loans violated constraints on possible syllable structures. In Plngawan, Japanese affected the distribution of its coronal fricatives and affricates, and may have contributed to a phonemic split. The lingering influence of Japanese has loosened phonological restrictions in both dialects, which have also been eroded by loans from other languages, such as Taiwanese Southern Min or Taiwan Mandarin.