排灣語七佳方言的新興元音與丟失的小舌輔音

New Vowels and the Lost Uvular Consonant in Tjuvecekadan Paiwan

本文探討七佳排灣語中小舌塞音/q/與已消失的小舌擦音/ʁ/ (< *r)對鄰近元音所帶來不同程度的影響，並著重於音系化過程與韻律位置的關係。當/q/促使鄰近的高元音下降被視為同位音變化，而已消失的小舌擦音*r使元音下降或後縮被分析為音系化的結果，就產生了與原本音位/i/、/u/、/ə/和/a/形成對比的新元音[e]、[o]和[ɑ]。音系化的程度也因韻律位置而有所差異：元音處於韻律強度較弱的位置（如詞尾或同元音之間）時，一定受影響而下降；元音處於韻律強度較強的位置（如詞首）時，舌位高度傾向於不變。本研究聚焦於小舌擦音丟失後對元音系統造成的音系化作用，以及此作用受制於韻律位置而展現的程度差異，補足了對七佳排灣語共時音韻的理解。

This study examines the differing phonological effects of the uvular stop /q/ and the lost uvular fricative /ʁ/ (< *r) on adjacent vowels in Tjuvecekadan Paiwan, focusing on phonologization relative to prosodic position. The lowering of high vowels adjacent to /q/ is allophonic, whereas the lowering or retraction induced by the now-lost uvular *r is phonologized, resulting in derived vowels [e], [o], and [ɑ], which contrast with the original ones /i/, /u/, /ə/, and /a/. The degree of phonologization varies depending on prosodic position: vowels in weaker prosodic positions, such as word-finally or between identical vowels, show greater susceptibility to lowering, while those in stronger positions, such as word-initially, resist change. This study highlights the role of the lost uvular in vowel system reanalysis and asymmetries in phonological change, filling the gap in the understanding of synchronic Tjuvecekadan.