我國資本利得稅政策變遷之研究：歷史制度論觀點

Policy Chang in Taxation on Capital Gains in Taiwan: the Perspectives of Historical Institutionalism

本文以歷史制度論為基礎，探討證券交易所得稅政策及房地合一實價課稅政策的發展歷程及變遷因素。本文的研究指出以下四點：第一，證所稅政策未盡周延的方案及不穩定的政策網絡，成為最大的改革阻力。第二，房地合一稅在奢侈稅、實價登錄制度的先行後，產生路徑依賴的突破點，促使房地分離稅制走入歷史，奢侈稅同步退場。第三，證所稅、房地合一稅截然不同政策變遷結果的關鍵差異，歷史制度論可從負面的歷史因素、路徑依賴的突破點、市場特性之考量等，適切解釋如何影響政策發展路徑及變遷結果。至於有利的政策網絡的影響，則為歷史制度論的理論限制。第四，政策的變遷過程存在許多的影響因素交錯其中，須具備有利的政策網絡才能順利產生路徑依賴突破點，同時與各項關鍵因素互相搭配，成功形成長期的斷續均衡。

This study is based on the theory of historical institutionalism, to the evolution process and factors of the securities tax and the real estate tax policy. The research finds are:
1.The incomplete plan of the securities tax, as well as the instability of the policy network, becoming the biggest obstacle to reform.
2.After the luxury tax and the real-price registration system are preceded, the real estate integration tax has produced a breakthrough point of path dependence, and has promoted the separation tax system of real estate into history, and the luxury tax has withdrawn synchronously.
3.For the results of completely different policy changes in the securities tax and the real estate tax, the theory of historical institutions can put forward an appropriate explanation for how the historical aspects are: negative historical factors, breakthrough points of path dependence, and consideration of market characteristics, etc., how they affect the policy development path and change results. As for the influence of favorable policy networks, it is the theoretical limitation of historical institutionalism.
4.The process of policy change, there are many influencing factors intertwined, this study believes that with a favorable policy network, in order to smoothly produce a path dependent breakthrough point, and with the key factors to successfully form a long-term intermittent equilibrium.