孫中山的民權觀：賢能者具有為國貢獻的資格和責任

Sun Yat-Sen's View of Democracy(Ming-Chuan): Those Who are Meritocracies have the Qualifications and Responsibilities to Contribute to the Country

本文研究旨在於說明中山先生的民權觀，本無意全然效法及移植西方的自由民主制度，並藉先釐清「民權」和「民主」在清末民初各具其義，進而說明「民權」雖係指西方的democracy，但其內涵已轉化而融入了中國傳統的賢能政治思想。本文強調，西方自由民主制度在於限制政府權力以保障個人權利，但中國引進民權原是為了救國和強國，從而將「權利」以傳統思想轉換成了義務和責任。故而，中山先生及其同時代人的民權觀，乃為積極為國貢獻的資格和責任。
本文最後指出，「賢能政治」是中山先生民權觀的總結，而此種政治思想立基於中華文化的「根」，同時中國古代也曾有實踐經驗。故而，賢能政治理論對我國現今實際政治運作所產生的問題，未嘗沒有值得據以改進之處。

The main purpose of this study is to elucidate Mr. Sun Yat-sen's views of democracy, highlighting that it neither intended to imitate nor transplant Western liberal democratic systems. It also seeks to clarify the definitions of contemporary ''democracy'' and democracy. Unlike most existing research, this paper argues that while Western liberal democracy focuses on limiting government power to protect individual rights, the introduction of ''democracy'' in China aimed at saving and strengthening the nation. Consequently, the concept of ''rights'' was transformed into obligation and responsibilities through the lens of traditional Chinese thought. For Mr. Sun and his contemporaries, ''democracy'' was perceived as qualifications and responsibilities for actively contributing to the nation.
Finally, the paper concludes with ''meritocratic politics'' as a summary of Mr. Sun's ''democracy'' perspective. This political thought is rooted in Chinese culture, draws from ancient Chinese practices, and provides insights into potential improvements for addressing current challenges in the practical operation of our political system.