彼得大帝︰俄羅斯現代化的旗手

Peter the Great：the Flag-bearing Leader of Russia's Modernization

本文主旨集中於彼得大帝所推動的俄羅斯現代化，文中指出彼得大帝的性格創新而有建設性、殘酷而具野蠻性、精力充沛而不安於室；他的性格複雜多變，就像他的國家俄羅斯一模一樣。本文也詳細陳述了彼得大帝的擴張政策，包括向西打開波羅的海的一扇窗、向東在西伯利亞的開疆擴土，以及向南在中亞內陸的軍事擴展。最後，本文詳述了彼得大帝的現代化改革內涵，包括創設海軍、改革陸軍、改革宗教、改革財稅制度、改革教育文化、推動經濟貿易以及建立新都聖彼得堡等等。
總的來說，彼得大帝卓越地推進了俄羅斯從傳統轉向現代化的進程，他堪稱是一個創造時勢的英雄人物，盡其最大的努力學習西歐的先進文化。因此，他可以稱為開明專制的君王，但他缺乏一個偉大政治家所應具備的系統的意識形態。

This article focuses on the modernization of Russia promoted by Peter the Great, pointing out that Peter the Great's character was innovative and constructive, cruel and barbaric, energetic and restless; his personality is complex and varied, just like his country Russia.
This article also elaborates on Peter the Great's expansionary policies, including opening westward a window to the Baltic Sea, expanding eastward territory in Siberia, and military expansion southward to the interior of Central Asia. Finally, this article elaborates the connotation of Peter the Great's modernization reform, including the creation of the navy, the reform of the army, the reform of religion, the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, the reform of education and culture, the promotion of economy and trade, and the establishment of the new capital, St. Petersburg, etc.
In general, Peter the Great has remarkably advanced Russia's transition from tradition to modernity. He is a hero who created the times and tried his best to learn the advanced culture of Western Europe. Therefore, he can be regarded as an enlightened emperor, however he lacks the systematic ideology which a great politician should have.