臺北市大眾運輸的最後一哩路與YouBike 王朝的建立

The Establishment of YouBike Dynasty and its Like to the Last Mile of Public Transportation in Taipei

近年臺灣自行車產業發展快速，除了車輛本身的性能大幅提升外，在市區及河濱公園都已建設完善的自行車專用道，而民眾對於自行車的定位也發生了改變，從原本被認為僅作通勤之用，開始新增休閒、觀光、運動等複合性功能。YouBike微笑單車，因為符合運能較小、使用者自主性高及費率受政府管制的特性，可以解決大眾運輸系統中「最後一哩路」的問題，相當適合人口密集的都會區。
微笑單車自2009年推出之際，即擁有了先進者優勢；在經歷許多挑戰後，於2021年初引進了2.0系統，最重要的變革是2.0將停車柱改為「輕樁式」，也就是設置的站點無需由外界提供電力，擺脫原1.0系統一定要「有樁供電」的限制。基本上，2.0系統在設站條件上的優勢，不僅具備了套牢效應，2.0與1.0新舊產品間，也發揮了同類競食（cannibalization）的正面效應，加速產品的換代。高雄市及嘉義市直接使用2.0，而臺北市、新北市及臺中市則逐漸淘汰舊系統。故本文認為，2.0系統的推出，不僅成功連結公共自行車與大眾運輸系統、提供民眾更多休閒與運動的契機；從馬太效應的觀點，更顯示YouBike的王朝已逐漸形成。

Taiwan’s bicycle industry has been developing rapidly in recent years. In addition to significant improvement of the performance in vehicles, comprehensive lanes for bicycles have been built in urban area and riverside parks. The positioning of bicycles has also changed, from being considered for commuting purposes only, to adding complex functions such as leisure, sightseeing and sports.
YouBike is suitable for densely populated urban areas because of its small capacity, high user autonomy and government-regulated rates, which can solve the ''last mile'' problem in the public transportation system. Its 2.0 system was introduced in early 2021. The most important change was that it changed the bollards to ''light stakes'', which means that the stations do not need to be powered by external electricity and are free from the restriction that the original 1.0 system must be ''staked''. Basically, the advantage of 2.0 system in terms of station conditions not only has the hedging effect, but also the positive effect of cannibalization between 2.0 and 1.0 products, accelerating the replacement of products. Kaohsiung City and Chiayi City are using 2.0 directly, while Taipei City, New Taipei City and Taichung City are phasing out the old system. Hence, this article argues that the launch of 2.0 system not only successfully connects public bicycle with public transportation system, but also provides more leisure and sports opportunities for people. from the viewpoint of the Matthew effect, it also shows that the YouBike dynasty has gradually formed. From the viewpoint of Matthew effect, this paper demonstrates that the dynasty of YouBike has been gradually formed.