論刑事訴訟程序的整體性原理──對階段式訴訟構造的反思

我國刑事訴訟程序的運作，強調訴訟階段獨立性、程序分割性、機關主導性，具有鮮明的階段性構造的特質。階段性構造是事權分工的權力配置模式在司法領域的體現，強調實踐質效的價值導向。但是，刑事訴訟程序的階段性構造，在真實發現、人權保障以及程序協調發展等方面存在內生性缺陷。本質而言，訴訟活動是一個具有統一目標、統一對象的整體性活動，訴訟階段僅是對各專門機關辦案狀態的描述與概括，而不能作為程序建構的目標。為此，需要以整體性程序原理改造當前過度階段化的訴訟程序:在程序運行上，應堅持以審判為中心的整體化建構;在司法改革層面，落實以政法委為主導的整體性協調機制;在訴訟規則完善方面，以人權保障為宗旨指導法律適用。

The operation of China's criminal procedure emphasizes the independence of different phases, the segmentation of procedures, and the dominance of governmental agencies, characterized by a distinct phase-based structure. This phase-based structure reflects a model of power distribution in the judicial domain that underscores the value orientation towards practical efficiency and effectiveness. However, the phase-based structure of criminal procedure has inherent deficiencies in terms of the discovery of truth, protection of human rights, and the coordinated development of procedures. Essentially, litigation is an integrative activity with a unified goal and a unified subject, where the phases of litigation merely describe and summarize the case-handling status of various specialized agencies, rather than serving as the goal of procedural construction. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the current overly segmented litigation procedure based on the principles of holistic procedure. In terms of procedural operation, the focus should be on a trial-centered holistic structure. At the level of judicial reform, a holistic coordination mechanism led by the Political and Legal Affairs Commission should be implemented. Regarding the improvement of litigation rules, the focus should be on human rights protection to refine the application of the law.