論中國跨境破產救濟路徑之完善——以“酌情給予的救濟”為視角

On the Improvement of China's Cross-border Insolvency Relief Path: The Perspective of“Discretionary Relief”

鑒於跨國經濟活動的普及和後疫情時代經濟形勢的未知趨勢，跨境破產制度的穩定性和明確性對跨境破產案件的妥善處理日益重要。以美國為代表的普通法系國家在吸收《跨國界破產示範法》後以不同模式在各自的跨境破產法律體系中規定了“酌情給予的救濟”制度，完善了本國跨境破產制度的救濟體系並提高了適用救濟機制的可預見性。中國已經在區際跨境破產協作領域從立法和司法實踐兩個層面開展新的嘗試，但對外國破產程序可提供的救濟未明確規定，司法實踐亦處在初期階段，這與中國推動對外經濟高質量發展的要求不匹配。為此，立法機關應結合《企業破產法》的立法目的，以中國的公共政策為底線，明確可提供的救濟類型；司法機關應在實踐中提供更為靈活、多元的救濟和明晰的指導，諸如認可外國破產程序指定的破產管理人，允許查閱並掌握在中國境內的財產或公司經營狀況。

In view of the popularization of cross-border economic activities and the unknown trend of the economic situation in the post-epidemic era, the stability and clarity of the cross-border insolvency system are increasingly important for the proper handling of cross-border insolvency cases. Common law countries represented by the United States, after absorbing the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-border Insolvency, have incorporated the system of ''discretionary relief'' into their respective cross-border insolvency legal systems in different modes, perfecting the relief system of their own cross-border insolvency regimes and improving the predictability of the applicable relief mechanisms. China has made new attempts in the field of inter-regional cross-border insolvency cooperation in the legislation and judicial practice, but the relief in foreign insolvency proceedings has not been clearly stipulated, and the judicial practice is immature, which is not in line with China's requirement of promoting high-quality development of foreign economy. In this regard, the legislature should take into account the legislative purpose of the Enterprise Insolvency Law and take Chinese public policy as the bottom line to clarify the types of relief that can be provided. The judicial authorities should provide more flexible and diversified remedies and clear guidance in practice, such as recognizing insolvency administrators appointed in foreign insolvency proceedings, allowing access to and control of property or company operations in China.