國有企業國際規則的歷史演進、邏輯焦點及中國因應

Historical Evolution, Legal Focus and China’s Response of SOEs Rule

近期美國等西方國家致力於將國有企業規則納入區域經貿安排之中，其核心在於試圖通過“身份規制”限定國有企業的發展空間。回溯歷史，國際貿易協定對企業的規範焦點在於維護公正合理的市場經濟秩序。通過對CPTPP國有企業商業性規則的條約解釋，國有企業的“商業考慮“義務不必然表明企業與政府之間不存在關聯，而邏輯重點在於確保此類關聯性不對其他企業造成不利的影響。以公平競爭為核心的國有企業國際規則與我國推動國有企業高質量發展的精神不相違背。鑒於此，一方面應以條約解釋的方法促使CPTPP締約方對國有企業的公平競爭義務作出正確的認識，另一方面應通過立法等方式確保國有企業在產業鏈中的獨立地位。

Recently, the United States and other Western countries have been committed to incorporating SOEs rules into regional economic and trade arrangements. The core of this is an attempt to limit the development space of SOEs through identity regulation. Looking back at history, the normative focus of international trade agreements on enterprises requires to maintain a fair and equitable market economic order. Through the treaty interpretation of the CPTPP SOEs commercial rules, the commercial consideration obligation of state-owned enterprises does not necessarily indicate that there is no connection between the enterprise and the government, and the logical focus is to ensure that such correlations will not put negative impact on other enterprises. As the core of international rules for SOEs, the fair competition is not violated with the notion in the China’s promotion of high-quality development of SOEs. In this regard, the treaty interpretation should be taken to promote the parties of CPTPP to have a correct understanding of SOEs’obligation of fair competition. In addition, the independent status of state-owned enterprises in the industrial chain should be ensured through legislation and other means.