“同一健康”理念的法制化動向及其因應

The Trend of Legalisation of“One Health”Concept and Its Responses

“同一健康”理念旨在發揮疾病防控的聯動效應，促進環境、動物和人群相關國際衛生規則的聯結和完善，推進疾病防控與法律的同步發展。特別是從《世衛組織大流行協定》談判進展來看，“同一健康”理念的法制化動向，促使國際衛生法變革呈現出如下趨勢和考量：一是立法理念從人類中心主義向生態中心主義轉變；二是立法目的從事後干預走向深度預防；三是規制工具從科學權威向規則權威遷移。“同一健康”理念的法制化動向彰顯出科學和法律的交互影響，但相關談判分歧反映了立法推進及實施仍然需要基於健康公平的價值理念進行調適和貫徹。國際援助機制創新可以促進“同一健康”理念在發展中國家的有效實施，完善公平公正的國際衛生法秩序。

The“One Health”Concept aims to leverage the synergistic effect of disease prevention and control, promote the linkage and improvement of international health regulations related to the environment, animals and people, and advance the simultaneous development of disease prevention and control by law. Especially from the viewpoint of the progress of the negotiation of the World Health Organization’s pandemic agreement, the trend of legalisation of“one health”makes the change of international health law present the following possibilities: first, the shift in legislative philosophy from anthropocentrism to ecocentrism; second, the purpose of the legislation from post-intervention to in-depth prevention; and third, the migration of regulatory tools from scientific authority to authority of law. The legalisation of“One Health”Concept reflects the interactive influence of science and law, but the dilemma in the negotiations reflect the fact that promotion and implementation of legislation still need to be adapted and implemented based on the values of health equity. Innovations in international assistance mechanisms can facilitate the effective implementation of the“One Health”Concept in developing countries and improve the fair and equitable international health law order.