全球衛生安全治理範式轉型：理論、制度與挑戰

Theoretical Framework, Institutional Aspects, and Challenges in the Transformation of Global Health Security Governance Paradigm

全球衛生安全治理傳統範式將大流行病視為對國家安全的外部威脅，呈現出重控制輕預防和過度關注國家利益的特徵，無法有效應對全球衛生危機。全球衛生安全治理範式轉型要以新全球衛生安全觀作為理論基礎，採用深預防的方式應對全球衛生威脅；彰顯全球主義的特質，保護人類的共同健康利益。談判中的《世衛組織大流行協定》採用了可持續安全範式和基於人類利益的合作範式，初步實現全球衛生安全治理範式轉型。但是，其全球主義願景受到了國際衛生領域占主導地位的國家主義決策的挑戰，發達國家和發展中國家就一些關鍵性問題還存在較大分歧，已經達成初步協議和已有初步趨同意見的條款也存在不足。

The traditional paradigm of global health security governance treats pandemics as external threats to national security, emphasizing control over prevention and focusing excessively on national interests, which fails to effectively address global public health crises. The transformation of global health security governance should be based on a new paradigm that embraces a theory of global health security, employing proactive measures to tackle global health threats. It should emphasize globalism to protect the shared health interests of humanity. The Proposal for the WHO Pandemic Agreement adopts sustainable security paradigms and cooperation based on human interests, aiming to initiate a transformation in global health security governance. However, its globalist vision faces challenges from nationalist decisions dominating the international health field. Developed and developing countries still have significant disagreements on critical issues, and the texts that initially achieved agreement and convergence still have some drawbacks.