個人信息跨境保護的國際軟法之治與中國路徑

International Soft Law in Governance of Cross-Border Protection of Personal Information and China’s Path

在個人信息跨境保護方面，國際硬法難以高效地進行調整，國際軟法呈現出顯要的理論價值與現實意義。個人信息跨境保護的國際軟法已經形成以政府力量推進的監管型規則與非政府力量促成的市場型規則的公私格局，承擔著規則補充與精神引領的特殊功能。然而，國際軟法在適用方式與透明度方面存在不確定性，為充分發揮個人信息跨境保護國際軟法的功能，國際社會應高度重視國際軟法制定的程序正當性與多方協作性。我國應以人類命運共同體理念為指引，推動國際軟法治理平臺的多邊化，以市場型規則促進國際軟法與國際硬法的銜接共治，為全球數據治理貢獻中國經驗。

In the realm of cross-border protection of personal information, the adjustment of international hard law faces challenges in achieving efficiency and effectiveness. Meanwhile, international soft law exhibits prominent theoretical value and practical significance. The international soft law governing the cross-border protection of personal information has evolved into a public-private framework characterized by regulatory rules propelled by government and market-oriented rules facilitated by non-governmental actors. This framework assumes a special role in providing supplementary regulations and guiding principles. However, there is uncertainties in the application and transparency of relevant soft law norms, to fully harness the functionality of international soft law in cross-border personal information protection, the international community should continually enhance the procedural legitimacy and multi-stakeholder collaboration in the formulation of international soft law. China should be guided by the concept of a community of shared future for mankind and propel the diversification of international soft law governance platforms and foster market-oriented regulations that facilitate a seamless connection between the systems of international soft and hard laws. By doing so, China can contribute its valuable experiences to the global landscape of data governance.