海洋地球工程技術的國際法規制

International Legal Regulation of Marine Geoengineering Technology

海洋地球工程技術作為一項新興的海洋科技，因其在海洋環境科學方面存在不確定性而備受國際社會的爭議。從法律監管的角度看，《聯合國海洋法公約》、《倫敦傾廢公約》及其議定書、《生物多樣性公約》等國際條約均在一定程度上對海洋地球工程技術起到規製作用。儘管如此，海洋地球工程技術仍對現行國際法律規範提出了諸項挑戰。尤其是，國際法碎片化無法為海洋地球工程技術法律監管構建良好的治理範式，國際法律規範的內在局限性難以為海洋地球工程技術全球治理提供明確的法律指引，相關國際法律責任的認定及承擔具有複雜性。對此，我們應秉持人類命運共同體理念，通過完善國際法律規範、重視非國家行為體的事務參與、執行預防性方法等方式，實現對海洋地球工程技術的有效治理。

Marine geoengineering technology, an emerging new marine science and technology, has been controversial in the international community because of its uncertainty in marine environmental science. From the perspective of legal supervision, international treaties such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the London Dumping Convention, and its Protocol, and the Convention on Biological Diversity all play a role in regulating the marine geoengineering technology to a certain extent. Nevertheless, marine geoengineering technologies still pose challenges to the existing international legal norms. Especially, the fragmentation of international law can not build a good governance paradigm for the legal regulation of marine geoengineering technologies, and the inherent limitations of international legal norms can not provide clear legal guidance for the global governance of marine geoengineering technologies, and the determination of the international legal responsibility and liability is complex. In this regard, we should uphold the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, and effective governance of marine geoengineering technologies can be achieved by improving international legal norms, emphasizing the participation of non-state actors in matters and implementing the precautionary approach.